Reforestation means planting trees in areas where forests were recently cleared. Name the process of planting trees on land that was previously not forested. a) Desertification b) Afforestation c) Pollution d) Deforestation Answer: b) Afforestation
Compost is a mixture that consists of decayed organic matter and is used as a fertilizer. Composting helps in reducing: a) Plastic waste b) Kitchen waste c) Noise pollution d) Air pollution Answer: b) Kitchen waste
Which of the following is a benefit of planting more trees? a) Increases traffic b) Reduces rainfall c) Improves air quality d) Causes deforestation Answer: c) Improves air quality
Which amongst the following items takes the longest time to decompose? a) Banana peel b) Cotton cloth c) Glass bottle d) Paper Answer: c) Glass bottle
How can you reduce plastic waste at school? a) Use steel tiffins and water bottles b) Carry cloth bags c) Use steel cutlery d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Natural resources are materials derived from nature that have an economic and practical value to humans. These resources include water, air, soil, minerals, forests, fossil fuels, etc. Which of the following is a natural resource? a) Brick b) Iron c) Plastic d) Cement Answer: b) Iron
Which of the following practice/s helps in conserving electricity at home? a) Switching off lights when not in use b) Using LEDs c) Using daylight as much as possible d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which of these animals is most affected by microplastics in oceans? a) Lion b) Turtle c) Zebra d) Polar bear Answer: b) Turtle
Which items from the following options fall under the category of electronic waste (e-waste)? a) Used batteries b) Non-functional mobile phones c) Non-functional chargers d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Where should one discard e-waste? a) Dustbin b) Dump yard c) Sell it to waste collectors d) Deposit in e-waste collection centre Answer: d) Deposit in e-waste collection centre
What is the name of India’s ‘lifestyle change’ movement for the planet? a) Life on Mars b) Mission LiFE c) Green India Plan d) Save Planet India Answer: b) Mission LiFE
Which factor determines whether an object will float or sink in water? a) Weight b) Colour c) Size d) Shape Answer: d) Shape
Who is the current Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India (as of September 2025)? a) Mr Amit Shah b) Mr Bhupender Yadav c) Mr Nitin Gadkari d) Dr S Jaishankar Answer: b) Mr Bhupender Yadav
Which major environmental issue is the ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch’ related to? a) Deforestation b) Coral mining c) Plastic waste d) Nuclear waste Answer: c) Plastic waste
Air quality is a serious concern in major metro cities of India. Which app helps to track air quality in Indian cities? a) Aarogya Setu b) AQI India c) SAFAR d) BHIM Answer: c) SAFAR
Which government scheme encourages Indian companies and start-ups to develop, manufacture and assemble products in India, and incentivize dedicated investments into manufacturing and promote skill development? a) Beti Bachao b) Swachh Bharat Mission c) Make in India d) Ayushman Bharat Answer: c) Make in India
Which amongst the following is categorized as a green job? a) Banker b) Doctor c) Environment educator d) Lawyer Answer: c) Environment educator
Which of the following experts will help in water conservation? a) Borewell drilling experts b) Rainwater harvesting experts c) Electricians repairing geysers d) None of the options listed here Answer: b) Rainwater harvesting experts
A career in forest conservation requires knowledge about: a) Forestry-related government schemes b) Dynamics of forest ecosystem c) Taxonomy of flora and fauna d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Solar energy is derived from the sun. Which device can harness solar energy at home? a) Gas stove b) Geyser c) Solar cooker d) Diesel generator Answer: c) Solar cooker
Non-renewable energy sources are finite and are not replenished as fast as they are consumed. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source? a) Wind b) Solar c) Coal d) Hydro Answer: c) Coal
What are the features of Green Economy? a) Well-being of citizens b) Reduced environmental risks c) Resource efficiency d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Turning off lights when not in use is a sign of: a) Laziness b) Sustainable living, eco-friendly lifestyle c) Forgetfulness d) Overwork Answer: b) Sustainable living, eco-friendly lifestyle
Why is wasting food a problem for the planet? a) It results in food insecurity b) It results in wastage of resources c) If food waste is not managed properly, it leads to increased carbon footprint d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
What can children do to support green living? a) Demand solo car rides b) Use more air conditioners c) Reuse items d) Litter on roads Answer: c) Reuse items
If your friends throw a plastic wrapper on the ground, what should you do? a) Join them in creating more waste b) Stay quiet to avoid fights and quarrels c) Educate them to throw it in a bin d) None of the options listed here Answer: c) Educate them to throw it in a bin
What are the benefits of walking or cycling for short distance travel? a) Reduction in pollution b) Traffic management c) Stay physically fit d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
How can children influence their families to go green? a) By taking car rides for shorter distances b) By assisting in waste segregation at home c) By taking long duration showers d) By increasing their screen time Answer: b) By assisting in waste segregation at home
What happens when you turn off taps when not in use? a) Water is conserved b) No impact c) Water is wasted d) None of the options listed here Answer: a) Water is conserved
Why do desert plants like cactus have spines instead of leaves? a) To absorb more sunlight b) To protect from sandstorms c) To reduce water loss through evaporation d) To trap insects Answer: c) To reduce water loss through evaporation
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of digestion in humans? a) Stomach → Mouth → Intestine b) Mouth → Stomach → Intestine c) Mouth → Intestine → Stomach d) Intestine → Mouth → Stomach Answer: b) Mouth → Stomach → Intestine
Why is the sky blue during the day but appears orange during sunset? a) The sun changes colour b) There is more moisture in the air c) Scattering of sunlight occurs differently based on angle d) Clouds change shape Answer: c) Scattering of sunlight occurs differently based on angle
A magnet attracts which of the following metals? a) Aluminium b) Iron c) Gold d) Brass Answer: b) Iron
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below Earth’s surface, powered by the sun’s energy and gravity. Which of the following statements is true about water cycle? a) It only happens in oceans b) Water changes its form c) Water disappears on land d) Water changes its form Answer: b) Water changes its form (option is repeated in d; b is also correct)
Some substances do not degrade and remain as such in the environment for several years. What are these substances known as? a) Biodegradable b) Non-biodegradable c) Perishable d) Exhaustible Answer: b) Non-biodegradable
Which of the following can easily decompose in the soil? a) Plastic ware b) Glass bottles c) Metal rings d) Tree leaves Answer: d) Tree leaves
What are non-renewable energy sources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals called? a) Non-conventional fuels b) Fossil fuels c) Wind-based energy source d) Geothermal Answer: b) Fossil fuels
Plastic pollution has a harmful impact on marine life. Large pieces of plastics directly injure marine animals, while smaller and micro plastics cause internal damage and fatality. How do plastics in the sea impact animals? a) Entanglement b) Ingestion c) Toxic contamination d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which of the following actions can help in reducing plastic pollution? a) Use cloth bags during shopping b) Refuse use of mineral water in plastic bottles c) Carry your own steel cup for consumption of beverages d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Roots and shoots are the two main parts of a plant. Which part of the plant is primarily located underground and functions to anchor the tree, absorb water and nutrients from the soil? a) Branches b) Trunk c) Roots d) Shoots Answer: c) Roots
The world has been warming up quickly over the past 100 years or so. Which term is used for the long-term shift in the Earth’s average temperatures and weather conditions? a) Weather b) Climate change c) Season d) Meteorology Answer: b) Climate change
Which of the following effects are triggered by climate change? a) Intense heatwaves and heavy rainfall b) Rapid melting of glaciers and ice sheets c) Huge declines in Arctic sea-ice and warmer oceans d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which Indian Ministry is responsible for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes? a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) b) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) c) Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) d) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) Answer: a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Which Indian Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in the year 2014? It has since then become a mass movement for cleanliness. a) Shri Narendra Modi b) Shri Manmohan Singh c) Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee d) Shri Narasimha Rao Answer: a) Shri Narendra Modi
The greenhouse effect is a natural process wherein certain gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap heat, warming the planet to a temperature suitable for life. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? a) Water vapour b) Carbon dioxide c) Methane d) Oxygen Answer: d) Oxygen
Did you know that the household sewage is also a water pollutant? It contains various impurities that can contaminate water sources and negatively impact human health and the environment. Household sewage has presence of bacteria, viruses, and parasites which can be a cause for which of the following diseases? a) Cholera b) Typhoid c) Gastroenteritis d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
When is the Earth Day observed? a) 22nd March b) 22nd April c) 22nd May d) 22nd July Answer: b) 22nd April
Water vapour is which state of water? a) Gaseous b) Liquid c) Solid d) None of the options listed here Answer: a) Gaseous
Edible mushrooms are derived from? a) Algae b) Fungi c) Insects d) None of the options listed here Answer: b) Fungi
Which of the following is not an example of green transport? a) CNG vehicles b) Diesel vehicles c) Bicycles d) Electric vehicles Answer: b) Diesel vehicles
Level 2 (Std. 6, 7, 8) questions 51–100
Illegal wildlife trade encompasses a range of illegal activities such as, poaching, smuggling, and trade of wildlife and their body parts. Which of the following wildlife species are threatened by illegal trade of ivory? a) Pangolins b) Rhinos c) Elephants d) Tigers Answer: c) Elephants
Which term is used for a distinct geographical region in which plants and animals co-exist naturally, often sharing common characteristic features? a) Biome b) Ecosystem c) Habitat d) Biodiversity Answer: a) Biome
Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem. Which amongst the following fall under the biotic category? a) Plants b) Land c) Soil d) Water Answer: a) Plants
Which of the following is not a threat to the environment? a) Pollution b) Deforestation c) Habitat destruction d) Afforestation Answer: d) Afforestation
Fossil fuels are the remains of dead ____________________ that have been buried under layers of earth for millions of years, undergoing a transformation process due to intense heat and pressure to form coal, oil, and natural gas. a) Plants b) Animals c) Both a and b d) None of the options listed here Answer: c) Both a and b
World Water Day is commemorated to spread awareness on the importance of freshwater. The theme of World Water Day 2025 was ‘Glacier Preservation’. Which day of the year is World Water Day celebrated? a) 22 April b) 05 June c) 09 April d) 22 March Answer: d) 22 March
Where in India is Kaziranga National Park located? a) West Bengal b) Rajasthan c) Kerala d) Assam Answer: d) Assam
Name the non-binding action plan for sustainable development adopted by over 178 governments at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. a) Agenda 21 b) Paris Agreement c) Kyoto Protocol d) Montreal Protocol Answer: a) Agenda 21
What measures can we adopt to minimize waste generation and improve waste management? a) Reduce the usage of plastic products b) Use a cloth or jute bag for shopping c) Make use of both sides of a piece of paper d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Definition: Species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area, e.g. kangaroos in Australia. Which of the following category of species perfectly fits the above definition? a) Extinct species b) Vulnerable species c) Endemic species d) Rare species Answer: c) Endemic species
Which of the following is not a source of water pollution? a) Industrial waste discharge b) Agricultural runoff c) Rainwater d) Sewage discharge Answer: c) Rainwater
Pick the correct sequence of celestial bodies ranging from nearest to farthest from the sun. a) Neptune – Uranus – Saturn b) Mercury – Jupiter – Earth c) Jupiter – Earth – Venus d) Mercury – Venus – Earth Answer: d) Mercury – Venus – Earth
An example of a renewable resource is ______ a) Coal b) Water c) Natural gas d) Petrol Answer: b) Water
Which of the following statements best describes condensation? a) The conversion of water into vapour b) The process of water changing from a liquid state to gaseous form c) The formation of clouds from tiny water droplets d) The conversion of water vapour into liquid state Answer: d) The conversion of water vapour into liquid state
Plants break down glucose and release energy by a process called _____. They utilize oxygen and release carbon dioxide in this process. a) Respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Transpiration d) Germination Answer: a) Respiration
In 2025, Madhav National Park has been designated as India’s 58th tiger reserve. In which State is the park located? a) Maharashtra b) Madhya Pradesh c) Kerala d) Tamil Nadu Answer: b) Madhya Pradesh
What was the theme of World Environment Day 2025 held on 05 June every year? a) Beat Plastic Pollution b) Generation Restoration c) Land Restoration, Desertification and Drought Resilience d) Air Pollution Answer: c) Land Restoration, Desertification and Drought Resilience
In 2024, which Indian city entered the Guinness Book of World Records by planting 11 lakh saplings in a day? a) Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh b) Indore, Madhya Pradesh c) Jodhpur, Rajasthan d) Vadodara, Gujarat Answer: a) Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh
Which country hosted the 2024 United Nations Climate Conference (COP29)? a) France b) Azerbaijan c) India d) Brazil Answer: b) Azerbaijan
From the following options, choose the primary pollutant that contributes majorly to Delhi’s poor air quality in winter season? a) Carbon dioxide b) PM2.5 c) Oxygen d) Nitrogen Answer: b) PM2.5
GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan) is a set of emergency measures to address severe air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region of India. Implemented by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM), it involves four stages of measures triggered by rising pollution levels. Which commercial activity is restricted under GRAP during very poor air quality days in Delhi? a) Banking b) Construction and industrial activities c) Hotels d) Education Answer: b) Construction and industrial activities
Consider these actions by few middle school students:
Chinmay does not turn off the light switch before he leaves room.
Juben never segregates wet waste into an allotted red bucket to be sent to garbage collector and instead uses the black bucket for all waste.
Shubh turns off the water tap while brushing his teeth.
Govind feeds the monkeys any food item he locates. Which among the following is practicing environment-friendly habits? a) Shubh b) Govind Answer: a) Shubh
Why should you not throw waste into water? a) Water will get polluted b) Incidence of water-borne diseases c) Scarcity of potable water d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
There are three Rs which you can apply to manage waste – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Which of the following is an example of ‘Reuse’? a) Donate your old books to someone who needs them b) Use electronic documents instead of paper c) Say “No” to a plastic straw d) Convert waste into useful products Answer: a) Donate your old books to someone who needs them
Which of the following options is a practice to conserve energy? a) Switch off lights, fans, TV and other electrical items, when not in use b) Keep vessels covered with a lid during cooking c) Use electric items such as air conditioners, geysers, heaters, etc., only when necessary d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Recycling is the third R in the original waste management hierarchy. Why is it important to recycle waste? a) To conserve natural resources b) To reduce pollution c) To decrease waste accumulation in a landfill d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which of the following practices best describes sustainable development? a) Consuming resources b) Meeting needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations c) Ignoring environmental problems d) Concentrating on economic progress Answer: b) Meeting needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations
In which ways students can help in reducing their carbon footprint? a) Buying latest electronics gadgets b) Consuming processed food c) Walking or cycling for shorter distances d) Not segregating household waste Answer: c) Walking or cycling for shorter distances
Raju says that composting is a good practice because it: a) Smells nice b) Reduces food waste and enriches soil Answer: b) Reduces food waste and enriches soil
Global warming is mainly caused by: a) Planting trees b) Burning fossil fuels c) Riding bicycles Answer: b) Burning fossil fuels
Which of the following is not a common symptom of a water-borne disease? a) Skin rashes b) Loose motion c) Dehydration d) Shortness of breath Answer: d) Shortness of breath
Which of the following animals will be at the top of the food chain in a water-based environment? a) Gharial b) Sea lion c) Great white shark d) King cobra snake Answer: c) Great white shark
Vishal wants to help the environment by segregating his household waste. Which of the following items should he put into the Wet Waste bin? a) Empty plastic bottles b) Broken glass pieces and vegetable scraps c) Broken glass pieces d) Old batteries and electronic items Answer: b) Broken glass pieces and vegetable scraps
Sunita goes to a shopping mall and buys a new pair of shoes. She refuses to accept a plastic bag for her purchase and chooses to carry it in her own cloth bag. What kind of environment-friendly action is Sunita helping to reduce? a) Prevent accidents from entering landfills b) Greenhouse gas emissions caused by shopping mall operations c) Plastic waste d) Soil pollution Answer: c) Plastic waste
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with global warming potential roughly 30 times that of carbon dioxide over a period of 100 years. Which sector contributes the most to methane emissions in India? a) Energy production b) Agriculture sector Answer: b) Agriculture sector
What is the term for the official permission that industries must get from pollution control boards before starting a project? a) Green Card b) Consent to Establish c) Eco-Friendly Label d) Sustainability Approval Answer: b) Consent to Establish
Wildlife sanctuaries help protect animals and plants, but they also provide benefits to local people living in and around the park. Which of the following is a key economic benefit that wildlife sanctuaries offer to local communities? a) Farming will be easier in controlled lands b) Increased hunting to control animal numbers c) Opportunities for sustainable tourism and jobs d) Local people will get to see exotic animals more frequently Answer: c) Opportunities for sustainable tourism and jobs
Your school has organized a tree-plantation day. Which eco-friendly action should you adopt? a) Participate in the activity and encourage others to join too b) Consider it as free time and enjoy singing songs with friends c) Pretend to be sick and skip school that day d) Join the event to collect the participation certificate Answer: a) Participate in the activity and encourage others to join too
Which among the following shows the correct order of biological structure from smallest to largest? a) Tissue – Organ – Cell b) Cell – Nucleus – Brain c) Cell – Tissue – Organ d) Organ – Cell – Tissue Answer: c) Cell – Tissue – Organ
Deserts are not limited to hot regions but can also be in colder regions. Which continent has the largest desert (hot or cold) on Earth? a) Asia b) South America c) North America d) Antarctica Answer: d) Antarctica
Every year in early July, community members, local leaders, and students across India come together to plant saplings and raise awareness about environmental issues, among other activities. What is this event commonly known as? a) Earth Day b) World Environment Week c) Van Mahotsav d) Hariyali Utsav Answer: c) Van Mahotsav
Which gas causes most of the warming of Earth’s atmosphere due to pollution from cars and factories? a) Carbon monoxide b) Methane c) Carbon dioxide d) Nitrous oxide Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
What is the term that refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns? a) Climate stability b) Climate variability c) Climate change d) Climate inertia Answer: c) Climate change
Wastewater treatment is important to minimize pollution levels. Which of the following is not a method of wastewater treatment? a) Filtration b) Sedimentation c) Incineration d) Biological treatment Answer: c) Incineration
What is the main reason for the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas? a) Infrastructure development b) Air pollution c) Global warming d) Urbanization Answer: c) Global warming
Which Indian animal amongst the following option is considered a symbol of conservation success, with its population steadily increasing due to conservation efforts? a) Indian elephant b) Snow leopard c) Asiatic lion d) Indian rhinoceros Answer: d) Indian rhinoceros
Star Label is a programme run in India by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) that promotes energy efficiency. BEE falls under the aegis of which ministry? a) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy b) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology c) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change d) Ministry of Power Answer: d) Ministry of Power
The Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) is a public movement that encourages people to adopt sustainable lifestyles and become a) Pro-Planet People b) Product-Process People c) Planet-Profit People d) Process-Product People Answer: a) Pro-Planet People
What are carrots, turnips, radishes, collectively known as? a) Tuber crops b) Root vegetables c) Short vegetables d) Compact vegetables Answer: b) Root vegetables
Apiculture is a commercial practice that is conducted in apiaries, which are established in areas with abundance of flowering plants. What is apiculture? a) Apple farming b) Bee farming c) Apricot farming d) None of the options listed here Answer: b) Bee farming
Level 3 (Std. 9 & 10) questions 101–150
Biotic components encompass all living organisms and their interactions within an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Which of the following is an example of a biotic component in an ecosystem? a) Rock b) Soil c) Plant d) Water Answer: c) Plant
Which fuel is considered a cleaner fuel because it produces only water vapour on combustion? a) Coal b) LPG c) Hydrogen d) Kerosene Answer: c) Hydrogen
The Montreal Protocol phased out production and use of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs. How can manufacturing of CFC-free refrigerators help in preventing damage to Earth’s ozone layer? a) This will help convert oxygen molecules into ozone b) This will help convert CFCs into ozone molecules c) This will reduce production of CFCs from oxygen molecules d) This will reduce release of CFCs that react with ozone molecules Answer: d) This will reduce release of CFCs that react with ozone molecules
Which parameter is commonly used to assess the organic pollution load in water bodies? a) pH b) BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) c) TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) d) DO (Dissolved Oxygen) Answer: b) BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
Which atmospheric layers are responsible for absorbing most of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation? a) Stratosphere b) Troposphere c) Mesosphere d) Ionosphere Answer: a) Stratosphere
A biosphere reserve is a protected area of natural, terrestrial, coastal, or marine ecosystems, recognized by UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. Which of the following Indian reserves is a biosphere reserve? a) Gulf of Mannar b) Nilgiri c) Panna d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which of these elements when present in drinking water can lead to numerous fatal diseases? a) Phosphorus b) Calcium c) Arsenic d) None of the options listed here Answer: c) Arsenic
The most abundantly available fossil fuel in India is ______ a) Coal b) Petroleum c) Mineral oil d) Natural gas Answer: a) Coal
What is the most important driving force of any ecosystem? a) Carbohydrates b) Solar energy c) Biomass d) Soil Answer: b) Solar energy
What is the uppermost layer of leaves and branches formed by tall trees, creating a dense, roof-like cover over the area beneath called? a) Tree canopy b) Tree machan c) Forest mat d) Forest moss Answer: a) Tree canopy
Akshay Urja Diwas is celebrated annually in India to propagate the message of energy conservation and spread the importance of renewable energy. When is the day commemorated? a) 15 July b) 22 May c) 20 August d) 05 June Answer: c) 20 August
Biodiversity hotspots are ecologically rich regions on Earth, characterized by high numbers of endemic species. How many biodiversity hotspots are there in the world? a) 36 b) 32 c) 28 d) 18 Answer: a) 36
One of the biggest industrial disasters happened in 1984 in Bhopal, India due to the leakage of a gas, impacting over 5 lakh people. Which of the following was responsible for this disaster? a) Chlorine b) Carbon dioxide c) Methyl isocyanate (MIC) d) Ammonia Answer: c) Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
What is the process of capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide and its storage called? a) Carbon sequestration b) Carbon dilution c) Carbon emission d) Carbon radiation Answer: a) Carbon sequestration
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Which of the following correctly describes the role of the IPCC? a) It provides financial aid to countries for climate change projects b) It negotiates global treaties on climate change c) It assesses scientific information related to climate change and advises policymakers d) It monitors emissions from developing countries only Answer: c) It assesses scientific information related to climate change and advises policymakers
Which of the following has a temporary cooling effect on the Earth’s surface by reflecting sunlight and is a key component of air pollution? a) Aerosol b) Greenhouse gases c) Ozone d) Methane Answer: a) Aerosol
What enables the conversion of light energy into electrical energy in a solar cell? a) Physical effect b) Atmospheric effect c) Magnetic effect d) Photovoltaic effect Answer: d) Photovoltaic effect
________ on Earth is stored in various forms such as glaciers, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs. a) Fresh water b) Saline water c) Marine water d) Ground water Answer: a) Fresh water
Which of the following methods involves burning municipal solid waste at high temperatures in a specially designed furnace? a) Landfill b) Incineration c) Recycling d) Vermi-composting Answer: b) Incineration
Which of the following statements are true for plastics? a) Plastics do not decompose easily b) Plastics come in different sizes c) Plastics contain different types of polymer resins d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Which water purification technique is most suitable for removing dissolved salts from seawater? a) Filtration b) Distillation c) Sedimentation d) Chlorination Answer: b) Distillation
The practice of protecting an endangered species in its natural habitat is called: a) Ex-situ conservation b) In-situ conservation c) Captive breeding d) Hybridization Answer: b) In-situ conservation
Which country hosted the 2025 World Hydrogen Summit, where India presented its National Green Hydrogen Mission? a) The Netherlands b) Germany c) The United States of America d) South Korea Answer: a) The Netherlands
Which country has proposed the creation of a Global Climate Council ahead of COP30? a) Brazil b) Germany c) India d) Canada Answer: c) India
Net-zero emission refers to a state where the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount removed, effectively halting global warming. By which year does India aim to achieve net-zero emissions? a) 2050 b) 2070 c) 2060 d) 2040 Answer: b) 2070
What is India’s current renewable energy target for 2030? a) 200 GW b) 300 GW c) 400 GW d) 500 GW Answer: d) 500 GW
_________ Sites are internationally recognized wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. There are three additional wetlands designated in this category in India on World Wetlands Day 2024. a) Ramsar b) Mangrove c) Endemic d) None of the options listed here Answer: a) Ramsar
On which day, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, launched, “Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam” campaign, a unique initiative in combining environmental responsibility with a heartfelt tribute to mothers? a) World Environment Day 2024 b) Mother’s Day 2025 c) International Day for Biological Diversity 2024 d) World Wildlife Conservation Day 2025 Answer: b) Mother’s Day 2025
What are some of the environmental problems caused by using synthetic fertilizers? a) Alteration of the chemical composition of soil b) Increase in water pollution load c) Enhance greenhouse gas emissions d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
A steel factory burns firewood and charcoal for heating and melting steel. What is the immediate environmental problem due to this practice? a) Decrease in ambient temperature b) Decrease in air pollution c) Increase in air pollution d) Increase in water pollution Answer: c) Increase in air pollution
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource? a) Nuclear energy b) Hydro energy c) Compressed natural gas d) Natural gas Answer: b) Hydro energy
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India has set up the _________. It is working towards developing competencies of people in the domain of renewable energy, sustainable development, and waste management. a) Skill Council of Green Jobs b) Green Council of Development c) Sustainable Skills and Jobs Council d) Eco Workforce Development Authority Answer: a) Skill Council of Green Jobs
Priya notices students throwing leftover food, fruit peels, and plastics into the same bin. What is the most environmentally responsible step she can take? a) Teach students to throw only food waste in that bin and ignore the rest b) Tell the school to stop giving fruit during lunch c) Label the bin properly and request the school staff set separate bins for wet and dry waste d) Throw the bins completely and throw the waste on playgrounds Answer: c) Label the bin properly and request the school staff set separate bins for wet and dry waste
What is the primary goal of Mission LIFE? a) To build a global infrastructure for renewable energy b) To mobilize at least one billion people to follow sustainable lifestyles c) To develop new climate technology d) To ban all plastic products Answer: b) To mobilize at least one billion people to follow sustainable lifestyles
What is the significance of one of the first environmental movement, The Chipko Movement in India? a) A non-violent protest for deforestation, leading to greater awareness of forest protection b) A movement advocating sustainable agriculture and rural development c) A campaign for wildlife preservation and combating poaching d) A movement focused on promoting renewable energy sources Answer: a) A non-violent protest for deforestation, leading to greater awareness of forest protection
Which of the following actions can communities take to fight urban flooding during monsoon seasons? a) Cut down roadside trees to prevent blockage b) Cover all open lands with concrete c) Create more green spaces and install rainwater drains d) Build more shopping malls in low-lying areas Answer: c) Create more green spaces and install rainwater drains
Your school switches to LED lighting in all classrooms. Typically how much energy will an LED bulb save compared to an old incandescent bulb? a) Saves around 10% b) Saves around 25% c) Saves around 50% d) Saves around 75–90% Answer: d) Saves around 75–90%
In order to move to a circular economy, we need to extend the shelf life of the product. Which of the following strategies is/are helpful to extend product shelf life? a) Adopting good maintenance practice b) Repair and reuse of the product c) Redesign and refurbishing of the product d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
A local community is protesting against a new industrial project near a wetland. The company claims it will bring jobs. Which of the following value-based actions best reflect environmental justice? a) Support the project because jobs are more important than wetlands b) Suggest building the factory deeper into the wetland to minimize impact c) Propose relocating the factory to a non-ecologically sensitive area, following circularity in the operations and offering green jobs d) Stay neutral to avoid conflict Answer: c) Propose relocating the factory to a non-ecologically sensitive area, following circularity in the operations and offering green jobs
The Silent Valley Movement in Kerala (India) was successful in stopping the construction of which project that threatened to flood and destroy the Silent Valley Forest? a) Silent Valley Nuclear power plant b) Silent Valley Thermal power station c) Silent Valley Hydroelectric project d) Silent Valley Oil refinery Answer: c) Silent Valley Hydroelectric project
Which international agreement is a legally binding global treaty to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, above pre-industrial levels? a) Paris Agreement b) Kyoto Protocol c) Montreal Protocol d) Earth Summit Answer: a) Paris Agreement
Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically focuses on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts – regulating emissions, promoting climate resilience, and strengthening adaptive capacity? a) SDG 7 b) SDG 12 c) SDG 13 d) SDG 15 Answer: c) SDG 13
Which of the following environment-friendly practices will enhance soil fertility and structure? a) Burning crop residue b) Organic manuring c) Dumping plastic waste in soil d) Monoculture practice Answer: b) Organic manuring
Of the following, which biome is characterized by having the highest biodiversity? a) Tundra b) Desert c) Rainforest d) Grassland Answer: c) Rainforest
Name the nodal Indian institution responsible for incubating, curating and piloting Mission LiFE in collaboration with the MoEFCC, GoI. a) Ministry of Education b) NITI Aayog c) Central Pollution Control Board d) Department of Science and Technology Answer: b) NITI Aayog
118 countries signed a pledge at COP28 Climate Summit to triple the world’s green energy capacity to 11,000 GW by which year? a) 2027 b) 2030 c) 2035 d) 2040 Answer: b) 2030
_________ is the planting or adding of trees in an area where there was never a forest or plantation. a) Deforestation b) Afforestation c) Reforestation d) Restoration Answer: b) Afforestation
Which of the following principles is not central to circular economy? a) Eliminate waste and pollution b) Circulating products and materials c) Regenerate nature d) Amplify waste Answer: d) Amplify waste
What are the 5 Ps of Sustainable Development Goals? a) Pillars, People, Planet, Peace, and Partnership b) People, Planet, Profit, Peace, and Partnership c) People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership d) People, Planet, Profit, Politics, and Peace Answer: c) People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership
How does climate change impact human health? a) Increase in zoonosis diseases b) Increase in water-borne and vector-borne diseases c) Eco-anxiety issues d) All the options listed here Answer: d) All the options listed here
Level 4 (Std. 11 & 12) questions 151–200
Carbon credits are traded in international markets to incentivize greenhouse gas emission reductions and facilitate global cooperation in addressing climate change. What does one carbon credit represent? a) One tonne of coal saved b) One hectare of afforestation c) One tonne of CO2 equivalent avoided or sequestered d) One kWh of solar energy Answer: c) One tonne of CO2 equivalent avoided or sequestered
Which free-living, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium is commonly used in paddy fields as a biofertilizer to enhance rice growth and yield? a) Azospirillum b) Rhizobium c) Anabaena d) Pseudomonas Answer: c) Anabaena
Renewable energy transition depends on advanced storage technologies. Which battery offers the highest energy density for grid-scale applications and are the most cost-effective solution for storage durations of 30 minutes to three hours? a) Nickel-cadmium b) Lead-acid c) Lithium-ion d) Sodium-sulphur Answer: c) Lithium-ion
Biodiversity hotspots have ecological and conservation significance. Which of the following criterion must be met for a region to be declared a biodiversity hotspot (as per Conservation International)? a) It must be a UNESCO World Heritage Site b) It must contain at least 0.5% of Earth’s freshwater species c) It must have lost at least 70% of its original vegetation d) It must host at least 50 endemic vertebrate species Answer: c) It must have lost at least 70% of its original vegetation
Biomimicry is the practice of learning from and emulating nature’s designs, processes, and systems to solve human challenges in a sustainable manner. One of its examples, Velcro (cloth/material fastener), was inspired by: a) Spider webs b) Lotus leaves c) Burr seeds d) Termite mounds Answer: c) Burr seeds
Plants can be used to accumulate organic contaminants, metabolize them, and encourage their microbial degradation in the root zone. Which term is used for this practice of using plants to clean up polluted environments? a) Bioremediation b) Phytoremediation c) Chemical remediation d) Mechanical remediation Answer: b) Phytoremediation
Methanotrophs are key regulators of methane in natural systems. Which of the following would most strongly inhibit aerobic methanotrophic activity in rice paddy fields? a) Increased soil organic matter b) Enhanced nitrate levels c) Waterlogging and reduced oxygen d) Root exudation from plants Answer: c) Waterlogging and reduced oxygen
Global warming makes the oceanic surface layers less dense, creating a greater density difference with the colder, deeper water. This hinders the movement of essential nutrients to the upper ocean, thereby decreasing oceanic productivity and further enhance warming by trapping more heat near the ocean surface. What is this process of temperature gradient known as? a) Ocean acidification b) Ocean oxygenation c) Ocean stratification d) None of the options listed here Answer: c) Ocean stratification
______ is an agricultural system where two or more plant and/or animal species are grown together in the same place at the same time, mimicking the diversity of natural ecosystems. a) Monoculture b) Polyculture c) Subsistence agriculture d) Aquaculture Answer: b) Polyculture
What is the primary ecological risk associated with assisted migration of species under climate stress? a) The species may evolve faster than expected b) It may cause genetic dilution of local populations c) It can lead to ecosystem collapse due to overpopulation d) The introduced species may become invasive in the new habitat Answer: d) The introduced species may become invasive in the new habitat
The ocean absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) that is released in the atmosphere. When higher levels of CO₂ are absorbed by seawater, a series of chemical reactions occur resulting in the increased concentration of __________ ions. This process impacts marine life. a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Nitrogen d) Sulphur Answer: a) Hydrogen
Deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution alter land use reducing agricultural productivity. How does environmental degradation affect land use in India? a) Increases forest cover b) Promotes organic farming c) Loss of arable land d) Has no effect on land Answer: c) Loss of arable land
Eutrophication is a process where water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients, often due to runoff from agriculture or sewage. What is a major environmental consequence of eutrophication in water bodies? a) Increased oxygen levels for aquatic life b) Enhanced biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems c) Excessive algal growth leading to oxygen depletion d) Decreased water quality for human consumption Answer: c) Excessive algal growth leading to oxygen depletion
Some urban plants under chronic pollution stress may exhibit particular traits as a protective mechanism. Which of the following is most likely seen in plants growing in polluted urban environments? a) Thinner leaves with low stomatal density b) Thicker leaves with more stomata c) Presence of sunken stomata d) High rate of photospiration Answer: c) Presence of sunken stomata
Name a type of air pollution that occurs in urban areas with high traffic mobility, resulting from an interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), leading to the formation of ozone and other harmful pollutants. a) Photochemical smog b) PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) c) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) d) None of the options listed here Answer: a) Photochemical smog
Biological magnification refers to an increasing concentration of certain pollutants in organisms at higher levels of the food chain. The phenomenon of biological magnification is most closely associated with which class of pollutants? a) Gaseous pollutants b) Organic pesticides c) Heavy metals d) Fertilizers Answer: c) Heavy metals
Which parameter is used to assess the oxygen demand by microorganisms in a polluted water body? a) COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) b) DO (Dissolved Oxygen) c) BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) d) TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Answer: c) BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
Which of the following ions is mainly responsible for methemoglobinemia, commonly called “blue baby syndrome” caused by groundwater contamination? a) Nitrate (NO₃⁻) b) Ammonium (NH₄⁺) c) Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) d) Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) Answer: a) Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
Which of the following combinations of greenhouse gases contributes most to global warming potential (GWP)? a) CO₂ and O₃ b) CO₂ and N₂O c) CO₂ and H₂O d) D. N₂ and Ar Answer: b) CO₂ and N₂O
As of June 2025, India has continued its efforts for wetlands conservation by including two new Ramsar Sites in Rajasthan–Kichhan and Menar. Considering this update, what is the current total number of Ramsar Sites in India? a) 89 b) 90 c) 91 d) 92 Answer: d) 92
MISHI is an initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, which was launched on June 5, 2024, to restore and conserve mangrove ecosystems. What is the expanded form of the acronym MISHI? a) Mangrove Initiative for Sustainable Habitat and Tangible Incomes b) Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes c) Marine Infrastructure Scheme for Habitat and Trade Integration d) Management Initiative for Sustainable Habitat and Tropical Integration Answer: b) Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes
EnviStats India is an annual publication by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). What is the primary objective of the EnviStats India? a) To track agricultural subsidies b) To provide detailed environmental accounts and statistics c) To compile GDP growth forecasts d) To monitor population data Answer: b) To provide detailed environmental accounts and statistics
May 22 is observed as the International Day for Biological Diversity, with a new theme adopted each year to highlight global conservation goals. What was the official theme for the International Day for Biological Diversity 2025? a) Restoring Ecosystems for a Sustainable Future b) Building a Shared Future for All Life c) Harmony with Nature and Sustainable Development d) Biodiversity: Our Food, Our Health, Our Future Answer: a) Restoring Ecosystems for a Sustainable Future
In which of the following biosphere reserves is the recently declared Greater Flamingo Sanctuary at Dhanushkodi, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu (India) located? a) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve b) Nandadevi Biosphere Reserve c) Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve d) Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve Answer: a) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
In 2025, which Arctic countries saw record-breaking May heatwaves that climate scientists link to human-driven climate change? a) Canada and Russia b) Greenland and Iceland c) Norway and Sweden d) USA and Canada Answer: a) Canada and Russia
The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30), scheduled for November 2025, will focus on advancing global climate action. Where will COP30 be held? a) Nairobi, Kenya b) Belém, Brazil c) Jakarta, Indonesia d) Lisbon, Portugal Answer: b) Belém, Brazil
Between August 2024 and mid-2025, Western Australia experienced its most severe coral bleaching due to sea temperatures 03 °C above normal. Which of the following reefs was especially impacted by this temperature rise? a) Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea b) Red Sea and Persian Gulf c) Caribbean and Galapagos d) Ningaloo and Rowley Shoals Answer: d) Ningaloo and Rowley Shoals
A company wants to reduce its carbon footprint while maintaining economic competitiveness. Which of the following combined approaches reflects a green skills-based strategy aligned with both sustainable development and economic viability? a) Outsourcing production to countries with looser environmental laws b) Shifting to renewable energy, adopting circular economy principles, and using environmental accounting c) Focussing solely on carbon offsetting without innovation d) Reducing staff to lower energy consumption Answer: b) Shifting to renewable energy, adopting circular economy principles, and using environmental accounting
If the government of a country mandates that all new public infrastructure must meet net-zero carbon standards, which sectors from the following will require the most significant upskilling and reskilling in green competencies? a) Banking and finance b) Construction, urban planning, materials science, and renewable energy c) Retail and food d) Arts and humanities Answer: b) Construction, urban planning, materials science, and renewable energy
How do green skills support just transition for workers in carbon-intensive industries like coal or steel? a) By gradually reducing their employment b) By training them in unrelated service-sector jobs c) By equipping them with skills for renewable energy, environmental management, and green tech sectors d) By relocating them to urban areas Answer: c) By equipping them with skills for renewable energy, environmental management, and green tech sectors
In urban environments, which of the following approaches requires integration of ecological knowledge, policy understanding, and technical design to create sustainable cities? a) Building more shopping complexes b) Implementing green roofs, smart energy grids, and low-impact transit systems c) Expanding road networks d) Encouraging terrace gardens Answer: b) Implementing green roofs, smart energy grids, and low-impact transit systems
A rural district wants to achieve energy self-sufficiency while minimizing ecological disruption. Which of the following plan shows high-level integration of green skills? a) Building a large coal plant for job creation b) Importing solar panels without community involvement c) Establishing decentralized solar microgrids, training locals in maintenance, and integrating local ecology in placement d) Relying on firewood Answer: c) Establishing decentralized solar microgrids, training locals in maintenance, and integrating local ecology in placement
A government plans to build a highway through a dense forest to improve transportation. Which of the following action reflects a sustainability-focused approach? a) Support the project since it boosts economic development b) Ignore the issue as development is inevitable c) Propose an alternative route and initiate dialogue involving ecologists and local communities d) Organize violent protests without understanding project details Answer: c) Propose an alternative route and initiate dialogue involving ecologists and local communities
An industry wants to offset its carbon footprint. Which action could unintentionally create a new environmental problem despite appearing “green”? a) Organizing plantation drives with native species b) Conducting waste segregation workshops c) Reducing meat consumption in school canteens d) Buying carbon credits from unverifiable sources Answer: d) Buying carbon credits from unverifiable sources
A local community from the hills installs solar panels to meet their electricity needs but destroys a biodiversity-rich hilltop to do so. Which of the following environmental values is being compromised? a) Technological advancement b) Environmental justice and ecological balance c) Cost-effectiveness d) Energy efficiency Answer: b) Environmental justice and ecological balance
Which of the following statements best explains why climate change is considered a “tragedy of the commons”? a) Because it affects poor and rich countries equally b) Because individuals acting in self-interest can deplete shared environmental resources c) Because it is caused by natural disasters d) Because communities always act too late Answer: b) Because individuals acting in self-interest can deplete shared environmental resources
A company proclaims that it offsets its carbon emissions by planting trees but continues polluting the environment heavily. This is an example of: a) Carbon neutrality b) Environmental justice c) Greenwashing d) Sustainable development Answer: c) Greenwashing
Which of the following best reflects the principle of intergenerational equity? a) Using all available resources to meet current needs b) Investing in technologies that benefit only the present generation c) Conserving resources to ensure future generations can meet their needs d) Prioritizing economic growth over environmental protection Answer: c) Conserving resources to ensure future generations can meet their needs
A friend of yours argues that individual efforts like carrying cloth bags don’t matter when big companies pollute more. What will be your appropriate pro-environment response? a) Agree with your friend and stop making changes b) Blame householders on social media c) Acknowledge the value of both individual and systemic responsibility in improving the environment d) Support protests against big industries Answer: c) Acknowledge the value of both individual and systemic responsibility in improving the environment
In recent years, many environmental initiatives have promoted tree plantation as a solution to the problems of climate change and land degradation. Why planting too many non-native trees in a dry region can be problematic? a) It can disrupt native biodiversity b) It may alter water balance c) Both a and b d) Only b Answer: c) Both a and b
A company shifts to paper packaging to reduce plastic waste. However, their paper is sourced from clear-cut forests. What is the most accurate assessment of their sustainability approach? a) It’s better than using plastic, so it’s acceptable b) It reflects poor sustainability practice c) Forests regrow trees without any effort, so it’s not a major concern d) Use of single-use plastics is environment friendly Answer: b) It reflects poor sustainability practice
Which of the following best reflects the idea of “climate colonialism”? a) Exporting clean energy technologies to developing countries b) Imposing climate solutions on poorer nations without considering their needs or voices c) Encouraging global cooperation on climate issues d) Promoting local adaptation strategies Answer: b) Imposing climate solutions on poorer nations without considering their needs or voices
Which term is used to refer to the world’s top biodiversity-rich countries? a) Biogeographic regions b) Redspots c) Megadiverse countries d) Habitat zones Answer: c) Megadiverse countries
Alaska, Greenland and Siberia are some of the fastest-warming regions on the planet. These Arctic environments are highly sensitive to even small temperature increases, which can melt sea ice, ice sheets, and permafrost, and lead to changes in the Earth’s reflectance called a) Albedo b) Acclimatization c) Adaptation d) Allowance Answer: a) Albedo
PM2.5 is generally defined as those particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less. Main sources include all types of combustion activities such as motor vehicles, power plants, wood burning, etc. What is another common name of these particles? a) Small fraction particles b) Fine fraction particles c) Coarse fraction particles d) Abrasive fraction particles Answer: b) Fine fraction particles
Which SDG is directly related to the health of our oceans? a) SDG 14 b) SDG 6 c) SDG 16 d) SDG 7 Answer: a) SDG 14
The Amazon rainforest is a vast biome that spans ______ rapidly developing countries in South America. a) Six b) Nine c) Eight d) Three Answer: b) Nine
Rise in temperatures of which atmospheric layer contributes to global warming? a) Stratosphere b) Troposphere c) Ionosphere d) Mesosphere Answer: b) Troposphere
What is an umbrella species? a) A species that defines a trait or characteristics of the environment b) A species of plant that has umbrella-shaped leaves c) A species of bird that is known for its ability to mimic sounds d) A species that, if protected, indirectly protects other species in the same ecosystem Answer: d) A species that, if protected, indirectly protects other species in the same ecosystem
What is the focus of Mission LiFE in Phase II? a) Change in supply patterns b) Change in demand c) Focus on individual actions d) None of the options listed here Answer: b) Change in demand
