Let us do these activities before we read. (Page 1)
I. Select qualities of a person who uses wit from the box given below:
Now, discuss reasons for your choice of qualities.
Answer:
Qualities of a person who uses wit:-
Wise , Clever, Humorous, Observant, Charming, Creative, Confident
Discussion: Reasons for my choice of qualities:
II. Work in pairs and answer the riddles that are given below. Share the answers with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
1. Words
2. Future
3. Time
4. Secret
Discuss in Pairs (Page 2)
Question 1.
Why are qualities like humour and wit important in a person?
Answer:
Humour and wit help people face challenges with calmness and wisdom. They make conversations lively, ease tension, and allow problems to be handled in a peaceful way. These qualities also make a person more friendly and approachable.
Question 2.
Why do you think kings and queens preferred to have witty people among their courtiers?
Answer:
Kings and queens valued witty courtiers like Tenali Rama because they could lighten tense situations, provide clever solutions, and keep the court entertained. Their humour and intelligence helped maintain harmony and offered wise guidance.
Question 3.
If you were asked to solve a disagreement between two people, what approach would you take?
Answer:
I would begin by listening carefully to both sides without bias. Then, I would try to highlight their common ground and explain each perspective clearly. If required, I would use humour or relatable examples to reduce tension and guide them toward a fair solution.
Question 4.
Have you ever been in a situation where a small misunderstanding led to a big problem? How was it resolved?
Answer:
Yes, once I misread a friend’s message and assumed they were upset with me. This created distance between us for a few days. Later, when we spoke honestly, we realised it was just a small miscommunication. Open conversation and forgiveness helped us resolve the matter.
Let us discuss (Page 7)
I. Rectify the following false statements from the text.
Question 1.
The queen insulted the king by speaking against the quality of his poem.
Answer:
The queen yawned out of tiredness, not to insult the king.
Question 2.
Tenali Rama immediately went to the king and convinced him to talk to the queen.
Answer:
Tenali Rama carefully devised a clever plan before approaching the king.
Question 3.
The courtiers admired the king’s poem and praised his literary talent.
Answer:
The courtiers avoided praising the poem and made excuses instead.
Question 4.
The ministers in the court were eager to hear Tenali Rama’s idea about paddy cultivation.
Answer:
The ministers doubted Tenali Rama’s idea and mocked him.
Question 5.
The king never realised his mistake and continued to stay angry with the queen.
Answer:
The king understood his mistake and sincerely apologized to the queen.
Let us think and reflect (Pages 7-9)
I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Why does the queen believe that only Tenali Rama can help the king understand?
Answer:
The queen believes only Tenali Rama can help as he is witty, wise, and the king trusts him deeply.
(ii) What does the queen’s statement, “If I had known this would happen, I would have chosen another day”, suggest about her feelings?
A. She is angry at the king for overreacting.
B. She regrets the unintended misunder-standing.
C. She believes the poem was not worth listening to.
D. She is worried that the king might punish her.
Answer:
B. She regrets the unintended misunderstanding.
(iii) How does Tenali Rama’s response reflect his wisdom and problem-solving skills?
Answer:
Tenali Rama’s response reflects his patience, wisdom, and skill in planning thoughtfully before taking action.
(iv) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option from those given in the brackets.
The king’s reaction shows that he is sensitive and ___________ (has a lot of faith/takes great pride) in his poetry.
Answer:
takes great pride
2. That evening, the king approached the queen with a softened expression. “Thirumalambal”, he began, his voice gentle, “I have been foolish. I see now that I overreacted. I let my pride blind me. I’m so sorry. ”
The queen, who had longed for this moment, smiled and replied, “If you like, we can leave this quarrel behind us. I would very much like to listen to your poem. ”
(i) Complete the following with a suitable explanation.
When the king said, “I let my pride blind me”, he means that ___________
Answer:
His pride stopped him from understanding the situation clearly.
(ii) Why does the queen say, “If you like, we can leave this quarrel behind us”?
Answer:
The queen says this because she wishes to forgive and move forward peacefully.
(iii) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option from those given in the brackets.
The king acknowledges that his pride clouded his judgement, which shows ___________ (intelligence and courage/maturity and self-awareness)
Answer:
maturity and self-awareness
(iv) State any one characteristic that the queen’s response to the king’s apology shows about her.
Answer:
The queen is compassionate and forgiving.
II. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Why was the Vijayanagara Empire considered to be in its ‘Golden Era’ during Krishnadeva Raya’s reign?
Answer:
The Vijayanagara Empire was called its ‘Golden Era’ during Krishnadeva Raya’s reign because art, literature, and architecture thrived under his rule.
Question 2.
How did Tenali Ramakrishna gain a special place in the king’s court?
Answer:
Tenali Ramakrishna earned a special place in the king’s court with his sharp wit, humour, and clever solutions to problems.
Question 3.
How did the quarrel between the king and the queen affect the palace?
Answer:
The palace turned dull and joyless as the king stopped meeting the queen.
Question 4.
What strategy did Tenali Rama use to make the king realise his mistake?
Answer:
Tenali Rama used a humorous example comparing seed sowing with yawning to make the king reflect on his behaviour.
Question 5.
What was the reaction of the courtiers when Tenali Rama introduced ‘special’ paddy seeds?
Answer:
The courtiers laughed at Tenali Rama and doubted the truth of his ‘special’ seeds.
Question 6.
How does the story conclude, and what lesson can be learnt from it?
Answer:
The story ends with the king realising his mistake, apologizing to the queen, and restoring peace. It highlights the importance of empathy, wit, and open communication.
Let us learn (Pages 9-12)
I. Fill in the blanks and complete the paragraph by choosing suitable expressions from the box given below.
My mother is quite witty, and her sense of humour always lightens stressful moments. Once, at a family dinner, an argument began over a minor issue, and 1. ______, making everyone feel uncomfortable. Just as things were getting serious, she made a clever remark and laughter 2. ______ the gathering, making everyone relaxed. The person who started the argument 3. ______. Everyone disapproved of the action and a 4. ______. My 5. ______ to how my mother had saved other situations like this. Without her, such moments would have 6. ______ over the gatherings. I hope that I grow up to be as witty as my mother.
Answer:
1. cast a shadow 2. rippled through 3. stormed off
4. hush fell over 5. mind raced back 6. cast a shadow
II. The writer uses words like ‘roared’, ‘murmur’ in the text to indicate the sound produced. Fill in the blanks with suitable sound words from the box given below. You may refer to a dictionary.
1. As the teacher began the riddle challenge, a ______ of excitement spread through the classroom.
2. Anaya ______ in relief—she loved riddles more than solving Mathematics problems.
3. Think carefully,’ the teacher began to ______, as she wrote a riddle on the board.
4. When the question was revealed, a few students ______, realising it wasn’t as easy as they had expected.
5. Some exchanged ______, wondering if anyone at all would be able to solve it.
6. Just then, Anaya tapped her book on the desk with a small ______, deep in thought.
7. ‘Ah, I see it now!’ she said stretching with a ______, as if it had taken her great effort.
8. A small breeze made the windows ______, adding to the suspense of the moment.
9. ‘So, what’s the answer?’ the students ______, their voices filled with playful enthusiasm.
10. Leaning forward with a smile, Anaya ______, “Sometimes, the trickiest questions have the simplest answers.”
Answer:
1. murmur 2. sighed 3. mumble 4. gasped 5. snickers
6. thud 7. groan 8. rattle 9. roared 10. whispered
III. As you have learnt, a compound word is formed when two or more words are combined to create a new word with a distinct meaning. These are of three types: closed compounds (sunlight, courtroom), hyphenated compounds (well-planned), and open compounds (paddy seeds).
Question 1.
Create new compound words by matching words in Column 1 with those in Column 2.
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (i) quick | G. witted |
| (ii) soft | B. tempered |
| (iii) common | F. sense |
| (iv) house | H. hold |
| (v) book | E. store |
| (vi) ill | C. spoken |
| (vii) sky | D. blue |
| (viii) dance | A. hall |
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with the words created in the previous question.
Ravi was (i) __________, always speaking calmly even in arguments. He grew up in a lively (ii) __________, where he learned to handle different personalities. His friend Arun, however, was (iii) __________ and often lost his patience. Despite this, Arun admired Ravi’s (iv) __________ thinking. One evening, as they passed a (v) __________, they saw some performers rushing out. Ravi noticed that one of them dropped a (vi) __________ book on the ground. “Is this yours?” he asked. “Oh thank you, young man!” the performer smiled. “It’s a recent purchase from the (vii) ________ round the corner.” True to his nature Arun promptly said to Ravi, “ It’s (viii) ________ that it’s not from a bakery but bookshop!” Ravi smiled and they walked on.
Answer:
(i) soft-tempered
(ii) house hold
(iii) ill-tempered
(iv) quick-witted
(v) dance hall
(vi) sky blue
(vii) book store
(viii) common sense
IV. Read the sentences from the text and their explanation given in the table below.
In sentence 1 ‘if you like’ is the subordinate clause (if clause) and ‘I will try my best to resolve this matter’ is the main clause. Identify the subordinate and main clauses in sentences 2 and 3.
Answer:
Sentence 2:
Subordinate clause: If, by chance, something were to go wrong,
Main clause: our farmers would suffer.
Sentence 3:
Subordinate clause: If I had known this would happen,
Main clause: I would have chosen another day.
Now, match the subordinate clauses (if clauses) in Column 1 with the appropriate main clauses in Column 2 to make complete sentences.
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (i) If I had a magic wand | C. I would give myself wings. |
| (ii) If it rains tomorrow, | E. We will stay indoors and play board games. |
| (iii) If you had listened carefully, | F. You would have solved the puzzle. |
| (iv) If you finish your homework, | A. We will go to the theatre. |
| (v) If I were invisible, | B. I would sneak into the secret room. |
| (vi) If the alarm had rung, | D. The boys would have woken up on time. |
V. Complete the following sentences appropriately with either the main clause or the subordinate clause (if clause).
1. Your teacher will be unhappy if ______.
2. They would have caught the train if ______.
3. ______ if you continue to stay up late every night.
4. If she knew the answer, ______
5. ______ if she had studied harder.
6. If I had a million rupees, ______.
Answer:
VI. Complete the following sentences. One example has been done for you.
1. If I were a tree, I would play with the wind and talk to the birds.
2. If I were the Head Teacher of my school, ______
3. If I were a bird, ______
4. If I were a magician, ______
5. If I had studied harder, ______
Answer:
1. If I were a tree, I would play with the wind and talk to the birds.
2. If I were the Head Teacher of my school, I would make learning fun for every student.
3. If I were a bird, I would soar above mountains and oceans freely.
4. If I were a magician, I would make people’s wishes come true.
5. If I had studied harder, I would have scored excellent marks in the exam.
Let us listen (Page 12-13)
I. You will listen to a woman narrating a story. As you listen, fill in the blanks in the following sentences by selecting the correct options. (Refer to the Textbook Page-46 for transcript.)
1. The rope tying the bundle of sticks was ______.
(i) loose
(ii) thick
(iii) short
Answer: (i) loose
2. The scholar is finally referred to as ______
(i) irritable
(ii) mischievous
(iii) arrogant
Answer: (iii) arrogant
II. You will once again listen to the story.
As you listen, number the events of the story in the correct order of occurrence.
1. The great scholar was ashamed because he did not know what to say.
2. Rama accepted the challenge thrown by the visitor.
3. Rama had a bundle tied in silk when he came to the palace.
4. The king laughed at the explanation given by Rama.
5. The visitor wanted to show his superiority over others in the palace.
6. Rama showed the work to be a bundle of sticks tied together by a rope.
7. The king wanted to know more about the work mentioned by Rama.
8. The court scholars were afraid of the king’s anger.
Answer:
Correct order:
5 → 2 → 3 → 7 → 6 → 4 → 1 → 8
Let us speak (Pages 13-14)
I. While asking questions, it is important to use the appropriate tone to convey the correct meaning.
1. Yes’ or ‘No’ questions have a rising tone at the end.
Are you coming home?
2. ‘-Wh’ questions have a falling tone at the end.
When will you come home?
This rise and fall in tone is called intonation.
Now, work in pairs and mark the intonation in the questions given below.
Take turns to practise by saying them aloud with the correct intonation.
(i) Is this your cat?
(ii) What is the name of your cat?
(iii) Will you be going to your village?
(iv) Why are you going to your village?
(v) Is this where you live?
(vi) Where do you live?
(vii) Can I meet your parents?
(viii) How are your parents?
(ix) Do you have any plans for tomorrow?
(x) What are you going to do tomorrow?
Answer:
Here’s a simple table showing the intonation for each question with arrows for rise (↑) and fall (↓):
| Question | Intonation |
|---|---|
| Is this your cat? | ↑ |
| What is the name of your cat? | ↓ |
| Will you be going to your village? | ↑ |
| Why are you going to your village? | ↓ |
| Is this where you live? | ↑ |
| Where do you live? | ↓ |
| Can I meet your parents? | ↑ |
| How are your parents? | ↓ |
| Do you have any plans for tomorrow? | ↑ |
| What are you going to do tomorrow? | ↓ |
II. ‘What’, ‘Why’, ‘When’, ‘How’, ‘Where’, and ‘Who’ are the words used to ask questions. These words are called question words. Let us use these words and make some questions.
While making questions, remember the correct word order.
Work in pairs and take turns to ask and answer questions about a trip that you are planning. Remember to use the correct intonation while asking these questions.
Here are some prompts for you.
Answer:
Here’s a set of sample questions using the prompts you provided, with correct word order and intonation:
| Prompt | Sample Question |
|---|---|
| Destination | Where are we going for our trip? ↓ |
| Purpose | Why are we planning this trip? ↓ |
| Mode of transport | How will we travel to our destination? ↓ |
| Duration | When will we start and finish our trip? ↓ |
| Travel companions | Who will be joining us on the trip? ↓ |
| Activities | What activities will we do during the trip? ↓ |
Now, work in pairs and take turns to ask and answer the questions about witty characters in folktales or stories you have read. Use the correct intonation while asking questions.
For example: Your favourite character in the folktale (Who…?)
Who is your favourite character in the folktale?
1. The name of the witty character (Who…?)
2. The reason for her/his wit being important in the story (Why…?)
3. The most famous trick or clever idea she/he used (What…?)
4. The time.period or setting of the folktale/ story (When…?)
5. The way she/he used her/his intelligence to solve a problem (How…?)
6. The location where the stoiy takes place (Where…?)
Answer:
1. Who is the witty character in the story?
2. Why is their wit important in the story?
3. What is the most famous clever idea they used?
4. When does the story take place?
5. How did she/he use her/his intelligence to solve a problem?
6. Where does the story take place?
Let us write (Pages 15-16)
A narrative essay is written on a personal experience or an imagined experience.
I. Read the narrative essay given below.
A Lesson in Responsibility
One bright Monday morning, I woke up to the sounds of birds chirping loudly. For once, I wasn’t late for school. My uniform was neatly laid out, and my homework was already packed in my bag. I felt proud of myself for being so organised. But little did I know, the day would still teach me an important lesson.
During the morning assembly, our teacher, Mrs. Rao, announced a surprise Science quiz. My heart skipped a beat. I had studied the chapter a week ago, but I had forgotten to revise it over the weekend. As I sat at my desk with the question paper in front of me, I froze. The questions looked familiar, yet I couldn’t recall the answers clearly. I tried my best to focus, but it wasn’t enough. Later, when the results were announced, I scored much lower than I expected. Disappointed, I spoke to Mrs. Rao after the class. She smiled and said, “It’s not about how much you know but how consistently you prepare. Small efforts add up every day.”
Her words stayed with me. From that day on, I made it a habit to revise my lessons regularly, even if there wasn’t an immediate test. Responsibility isn’t just about being on time or finishing tasks—it’s about being ready for what’s unexpected.
Now, work in pairs and check (✓) if the following features are present in the narrative essay.
1. Introduction
2. Body of the essay
3. Conclusion
4. Writing Style
5. Language
Note: A narrative essay focuses on sharing a personal experience to convey a specific lesson, a reflection, or an idea. It has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
Answer:
All the mentioned features are present in the given narrative essay.
Now, write a narrative essay based on any one of the situations given below.
Answer:
1. The Day I Learnt the Value of Teamwork
Our school held a tug-of-war competition, and our team struggled in the first round. Some of us pulled too hard, others lost balance, and we were defeated. Our coach reminded us that winning is about working together, not just strength.
We practised as a team, coordinating our pulls and encouraging each other. In the final match, we worked together perfectly and won. That day, I learnt that teamwork means cooperation, trust, and support, and it makes success even more rewarding.
2. A Small Act of Kindness that Made a Difference
One rainy afternoon, I saw an elderly man shivering on a bench, lost and alone. I offered to help and walked him to the bus stop, listening to his stories along the way.
He thanked me warmly, and I felt happy and proud. I realised that even small acts of kindness—like offering help or a listening ear—can make a big difference in someone’s life.
Let us explore (Page 16)
I. Limericks are poems in five lines that have a twist in the last line. Read and enjoy the following limericks and create one on your own.
Raju flew his kite in the sky so wide,
It soared with grace, full of pride.
But a crow came along,
Singing its song,
And now it’s the crow on a joyride!
Answer:
Here’s a limerick I created for you:
Meena baked a cake, oh so sweet,
She decorated it with a treat.
But a gust of wind blew,
The icing it knew,
And now the cake danced down the street!
II. Go to the library and read a story of your choice. Share its theme and the interesting parts of the story with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
Book Chosen: The Magic Finger by Roald Dahl
Theme of the Story:
The story teaches the importance of kindness, empathy, and thinking before taking action.
Interesting Parts:
III. You must have read stories of wit, humour, and wisdom in your own language or English. Make a list of these stories that you have read on a chart paper. Each student should read at least one new story from the list.
Answer:
Here’s a sample list of stories of wit, humour, and wisdom that you can put on a chart paper:
| S. No. | Story Title | Author / Source | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tenali Raman and the Thief | Traditional / Folktale | Wit & Humour |
| 2 | The Magic Finger | Roald Dahl | Wisdom & Humour |
| 3 | The Clever Barber | Aesop’s Fables | Wit |
| 4 | The Tortoise and the Hare | Aesop’s Fables | Wisdom |
| 5 | The Lion and the Mouse | Aesop’s Fables | Wisdom & Wit |
| 6 | How the Camel Got His Hump | Rudyard Kipling | Humour & Wit |
| 7 | Nasreddin Hodja Stories | Folktales | Humour & Wisdom |
| 8 | The Monkey and the Crocodile | Panchatantra | Wit & Wisdom |
Instructions for students:
Let us do these activities before we read (Page 17)
I. Read the names of items you usually find in a garden and write their names against each picture given below.
garden hose, sapling, hedge, flower beds, flower pot, pebbles, rockery, fence, vine, wheelbarrow
Answer:
II. Work in groups of four. What kind of garden would you like to have? Mention the features that you can include and the reasons for your choice. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
I would love to have a butterfly garden with vibrant flowers like marigolds, sunflowers, and lavender. It would include a small fountain, benches, and a pebble pathway. The garden would be surrounded by a wooden fence and decorated with stone sculptures. I like this type of garden because it would attract butterflies and birds, making the space lively and peaceful. It would be an ideal place to relax and enjoy nature.
III. Read the title of the poem. What comes to your mind when you read the word ‘concrete’? Does it have more than one meaning? Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
When I hear the word ‘concrete’, I first think of hard grey cement or building material. But it can also mean something clear, real, or specific, like a ‘concrete example’.
This double meaning creates a play on words, which makes the poem’s title interesting and thought-provoking.
Let us discuss (Pages 19-20)
I. Complete the following summary with exact words from the poem. One example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
The poem describes Mrs. Jones, the speaker’s next-door neighbour, who has a unique garden filed with 1. _________. Her garden includes a peculiar 2. _________, a pond, and a rockery, along with an unusual 3. _________ that she fids charming. Mrs. Jones plants tiny, 4. _________ plants between the stones, which the speaker thinks must be so small that they are planted with a 5. _________. One day, Mrs. Jones invites the speaker to see her garden, and they discuss a 6. _________ that Mrs. Jones treasures. When the speaker asks where the 7. _________ flwer is, Mrs. Jones says that the speaker has been 8. _________ on it all along.
Answer:
1. stones 2. path 3. device 4. delicate 5. pin 6. flower 7. lovely 8. standing
II. Select the correct option to fill in the blanks for the following sentences.
Question 1.
The tone of the poem is _________
(i) mocking
(ii) humorous
(iii) mournful
(iv) amusing
(v) light-hearted
A. (i), (ii), and (iii)
B. (i), (ii), and (v)
C. (ii), (iii), and (iv)
D. (ii), (iv), and (v)
Answer:
D. (ii), (iv), and (v)
Question 2.
The speaker in the poem is
(i) Mrs. Jones
(ii) the poet
(iii) a gardener
(iv) a child
Answer:
(ii) the poet
Question 3.
The rhyme scheme of the poem is
(i) AABBCC
(ii) ABABCC
(iii) AABCAC
(iv) ABBACC
Answer:
(i) AABBCC
III. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer given in the brackets.
1. The poet uses the word ‘stones ’ in all stanzas in order to emphasise her _________ (obsession with a stony garden/pride in gardening skills)
2. The poet uses imagery to describe the features of the garden that help readers _________ (understand Mrs. Jones love for plants /visualise the garden’s peculiar nature)
Answer:
1. obsession with a stony garden
2. visualise the garden’s peculiar nature
IV. Pick examples of alliteration from the poem.
Answer:
puts plants, flower for quite a quarter
V. A refrain is a repeated line or phrase that appears in each stanza. Identify the refrain from the poem.
Answer:
My next-door neighbour, Mrs. Jones.
VI. Irony is a literary device that emphasises the difference between what is expected and what actually happens. It often involves a situation where the outcome is the opposite of what is expected, creating a surprising or a humorous effect. For example, Mrs. Jones’ excitement about her garden contrasts with the speaker’s disappointment on how ordinary it is. Identify the line(s) from the poem that display(s) situational irony.
Answer
“You’re standing on it,” she replied.
VII. Complete the following sentences appropriately.
1. The word ‘concrete’ can refer to _________ in Mrs. Jones’ garden.
Answer:
the stones and hard surfaces
2. The title also has a symbolic meaning, as the poem provides a clear or ‘concrete’
example of Mrs. Jones’ _________ gardening habits.
Answer:
clear or fixed
VIII. The title ‘A Concrete Example’ carries both literal and symbolic (metaphorical) meaning. Such word play is called a pun. A pun is a figure of speech that uses words with multiple meanings or words that sound alike but have different meanings, creating a humorous effect.
1. I tried arguing with my pencil but it kept making sharp points, (suggests the idea of an actual sharp pencil point and strong argument points)
Answer:
Literal: Garden made of concrete/stones
2. My pencil and I had a disagreement but we finally got to the point, (refers to solving an argument and the pencil’s tip
Answer:
Metaphorical: Clear example of Mrs. Jones’ strange gardening style
Let us think and reflect (Pages 20-21)
I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) What can be inferred about Mrs. Jones’s taste in gardening from the description of her garden being ‘full of stones’?
Answer: She likes a minimalist style with unique and unconventional garden designs.
(ii) Identify whether the following statement is true or false.
The garden serves as a means to reveal more about Mrs. Jones herself.
Answer: True
(iii) What does the poet mean by ‘crazy path’?
Answer:
By ‘crazy path,’ the poet means a path that is irregular or unusually arranged.
(iv) What does the sundial with a ‘strange device’ suggest about Mrs. Jones’ personality?
A. She has a fascination with unusual items.
B. She prefers traditional garden decorations.
C. She is uninterested in her garden’s appearance.
D. She likes modern and expensive items.
Answer:
A. She has a fascination with unusual items.
II. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
How does Mrs. Jones feel about her garden? Support your answer with evidence from the poem.
Answer:
Mrs. Jones takes great pride in her garden and appreciates the beauty in even its tiniest details.
Question 2.
Why do you think the speaker describes the plants as being so small that they could be planted with a pin?
Answer:
The speaker describes the plants this way to show how delicate and tiny they are.
Question 3.
What do we get to know about Mrs. Jones—based on her gardening style and her interaction with the speaker?
Answer:
Mrs. Jones is detail-oriented, eccentric, and values things that others might easily overlook.
Question 4.
The poem portrays Mrs. Jones in a positive light. Support this statement.
Answer:
She is shown as someone with a strong sense of taste and a passion for gardening, which reflects creativity and dedication.
Question 5.
What does the poem tell us about the way people think differently about the world around them?
Answer:
The poem shows that people find beauty in different ways, teaching us to respect diverse perspectives.
Let us learn (Pages 21-23)
I. Select the appropriate word from the brackets that correctly replaces the underlined word in the sentences from the text.
1. A sundial with a strange device, (unusual, peculiar, new, rare, external)
2. … which Mrs. Jones thinks rather nice. (pleasant, superior, agreeable, gentle, charming)
3. They are so delicate… (delicious, fragile, dainty, graceful, weak)
4. “Where is this lovely thing?” I cried. (exclaimed, wept, shouted, announced, whispered)
Answer:
1. Strange → peculiar
2. Nice → charming
3. Delicate → fragile
4. Cried → exclaimed
II. The ‘sundial’ is referred to as a ‘device’ in the poem. Work in pairs to infer the meaning of ‘device’. Share your thoughts with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
The word ‘device’ refers to a piece of equipment designed to perform a specific task.
Now, match the type of instruments in Column 1 with their definitions in Column 2. Column 3 shows one example of each type of instrument. Add more examples in Column 3.
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. implement | (iii) something that works on being moved by hand | spade, knife, scissors |
| 2. tool | (v) something used by hand to make or repair | hammer, saw |
| 3. equipment | (iv) a set of necessary items for a particular purpose | cricket bat, helmet, batting gloves, seat belt |
| 4. appliance | (i) something that is electrical and is used to do work in the house | mixer grinder, microwave, toaster |
| 5. gadget | (ii) something small that is mechanical or electronic | mobile phone, laptop, remote control |
III. Complete the table by making new words in Column 1 using the hints given in Column 2. Replace the first letter of the given word to create new words. One example has been done for you.
Answer:
(i) dice
(ii) rice
(iii) mice
(iv) vice
Answer:
(i) boil
(ii) toil
(iii) coil
(iv) foil
Let us listen (Pages 23-24)
Answers–
Let us speak (Page 23)
I. The speaker of the poem might have felt sorry for stepping on Mrs. Jones’ flower. When we make a mistake, we must express regret and apologise for our actions.
Question 1.
When we apologise to a friend or a family member, we use informal language.
Take turns to apologise for the following situations and respond to the apology,
(i) You have eaten your brother’s share of sweets.
(ii) You have broken your sister’s flower craft.
(iii) You accidentally spilled ink on your mother’s important documents.
(iv) You forgot to bring your friend’s notebook to the school after borrowing it.
You may use the following phrases given below.
Answer:
(i) Apology: I’m really sorry for eating your share of sweets. I didn’t mean to upset you!
Response: That’s okay. It happens.
(ii) Apology: Please forgive me for breaking your flower craft. I didn’t do it intentionally.
Response: Don’t worry. I can make another one.
(iii) Apology: Sorry, Mom, I didn’t mean to spill ink on your documents. It was an accident, and I’m really sorry!
Response: It’s alright. Just be more careful next time.
(iv) Apology: I’m sorry for forgetting your notebook. I’ll bring it tomorrow for sure!
Response: No worries. Just try not to forget it again.
Question 2.
When we apologise to someone in authority like a Principal or a teacher in a formal setting, we use formal language. Work in pairs and take turns to apologise for the following situations and respond to the apology.
(i) You did not bring an assignment that was due for submission.
(ii) You were late to school for the past three days and had to meet the Principal.
(ill) You did not submit your project work and were asked to explain.
You may use the following phrases given below.
Answer:
(i) Apology: I’m very sorry for not bringing the assignment due today. I truly regret my mistake.
Response: I accept your apology. Please make sure to submit it tomorrow without fail.
(ii) Apology: I apologize for being late to school the past three days. I promise it won’t happen again.
Response: I appreciate your honesty. Please ensure you arrive on time from now on.
(iii) Apology: I regret not submitting my project on time and promise it won’t happen again.
Response: I’m glad you acknowledged your mistake. Make sure to meet the next deadline.
Let us write (Page 25)
Answer:
NATURE CLUB
NOTICE
Date: 24th September 2025
Title: Inauguration of the Herb Garden
The Nature Club of [School Name] is pleased to announce the inauguration of the newly developed Herb Garden. The event will take place on 26th September 2025 at 10:00 AM in the school premises near the science block. The garden features various herbs such as Aloe Vera, Mint, Carom, and Holy Basil.
Students of grades 6–8 are invited to attend this exciting event. For further details, please contact the club coordinator, Mr. [Name], during school hours.
All students are encouraged to participate and make the event a success!
Name
Nature Club Member
Let us explore (Pages 25-26)
I. Amrit Udyan is a garden spread over an expanse of 15 acres around Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. It has multiple attractions that include a specially curated garden for children called Bal Vatika, a treehouse, nature’s classroom, etc. It also has the Bonsai, Herbal-I, Herbal-II, Tactile Garden, Arogya Vanam, and Circular Gardens with a diverse variety of flora and fauna.
Now, find out about popular gardens in your region and share with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
Here are some popular gardens in different regions that you can explore:
1. Lodhi Garden (New Delhi)
2. Rose Garden (Chandigarh)
3. Botanical Garden (Kolkata)
4. Nehru Park (New Delhi)
5.Brindavan Gardens (Karnataka)
6. Sundar Nursery (New Delhi)
7. Tulip Garden (Srinagar)
II. A herbarium is a collection of plant samples preserved for long-term study, usually in the form of dried and pressed plants mounted on paper.
Now, collect some fallen flowers and leaves from your neighbourhood.
Place them in folds of a newspaper carefully and put a pile of books on them. After one week, take .them out and use them to make a card, wall hanging or any other artwork. A sample has been given for your reference.
Answer:
Herbarium Art Activity
What you need:
Steps to follow:
Let us do these activities before we read. (Page 27)
I. Why do we seek advice of the elderly in our family? Share your thoughts with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:
We turn to the elders in our family for advice because their life experience and wisdom guide them in making better decisions.
II. Knowledge is about learning facts and information, while wisdom is about using that knowledge with good judgement.
Work in pairs. Read the following situations and classify each one as either ‘knowledge’ or ‘wisdom’. One example has been done for you.
1. Riya’s understanding of plant care helped her grow a healthy vegetable garden in her backyard.
2. Mr. Kumar values time with family over chasing wealth.
3. Karuna’s expertise in computer programming helped her develop a successful app.
4. Rohan understood the value of time management and created a timetable to complete his assignments systematically.
5. Ramesh chose to forgive his friend for a misunderstanding.
6. Ms. Vaijayanthi delivered a lecture on Indian Classical music at the cultural festival.
Answer:
| Situations | Knowledge/Wisdom |
|---|---|
| 1. Riya’s understanding of plant care helped her grow a healthy vegetable garden in her backyard. | Knowledge |
| 2. Mr. Kumar values time with family over chasing wealth. | Wisdom |
| 3. Karuna’s expertise in computer programming helped her develop a successful app. | Knowledge |
| 4. Rohan understood the value of time management and created a timetable to complete his assignments systematically. | Wisdom |
| 5. Ramesh chose to forgive his friend for a misunderstanding. | Wisdom |
| 6. Ms. Vaijayanthi delivered a lecture on Indian Classical music at the cultural festival. | Knowledge |
III.
Answer:
Looking at the picture, here’s what might have happened:
So, it looks like the villagers are discussing how to rescue the cat from the tree and also talking about the mess created.
Let us discuss (Page 32)
I. Complete the following sentences with suitable reasons. One example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. Shiv Datt said, “I believe it has been over a week, perhaps even longer,” because it had been a long time since they left the village.
2. Dev Datt said, “Indeed, we ought to be united in this hope. That is why we press on towards Ujjain,” because ________.
3. Har Datt said, “Look there, friends. A camel has passed this way. The tracks are fresh,” because ________.
4. Shiv Datt said, “It appears to be a merchant, running as if pursued by trouble,” because ________.
5. The merchant said, “How could you possibly know that? The poor creature has been unwell for two weeks now. Surely you are a healer!” because ________.
6. Dev Datt said, “You are free to do as you wish, sir. If the King desires our presence, we shall be waiting under that banyan tree yonder,” because ________.
Answer:
2. because they all hoped the King would offer them employment.
3. because he noticed the fresh footprints of a camel on the road.
4. because the merchant was rushing and appeared to be in distress.
5. because Dev Datt had accurately observed that the camel was suffering from stomach pain.
6. because Dev Datt was confident and unafraid, ready to meet the King.
Let us discuss. (Pages 36-37)
I. Arrange the following events in order of their occurrence from Scene II of the play. One example has been, done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. The King makes the four young men his advisers, impressed by their skills. (8)
2. Ram Datt explains how he infers from the tracks that the camel is lame.
3. The King asks the merchant to clearly state his accusation.
4. The King praises the young men for their observations and dismisses the merchant’s accusation.
5. Shiv Datt reveals that the camel is blind in its right eye as it had only chewed on the leaves on the left side of the road.
6. Dev Datt explains his observation about the camel’s pain and careful movement.
7. Har Datt clarifies how he knew that the camel has a short tail.
8. The merchant accuses the four men of knowing a lot about his missing camel.
Answer:
Let us think and reflect (Pages 37-39)
I. Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow.
1. Dev Datt: Ten days are but a short span in the grand scheme of things.
We may still have many more roads to wander before we find employment befitting all four of us.
Ram Datt: If only we could secure an audience with the King of Ujjain.
I am confident he would recognise our talents and appoint us to his service.
Shiv Datt: I share your belief.
Dev Datt: Indeed, we ought to be united in this hope. That is why we press on towards Ujjain.
Har Datt: (Pausing thoughtfully) Gaining an audience with the King is no simple task. We need to devise a strategy.
(i) Identify the false statement from the two given below and rectify it.
A. Dev Datt believes that finding employment is an easy task.
B. Ram Datt is confident that the King would recognise their talents.
Answer:
False Statement – A.
Dev Datt feels that securing employment is a long and challenging journey.
(ii) What does Ram Datt’s confidence in gaining the King’s recognition tell us about him?
Answer:
Ram Datt’s faith in earning the King’s recognition shows that he is optimistic and self-assured, reflecting strong self-belief.
(iii) Complete the sentence given below with the correct option from those given.
In the line, ‘That’s why we press on towards Ujjain’, the phrase ‘press on’ refers to ________
A. walking with heavy steps
B. moving forward with determi¬nation
C. slowing down frequently for rest
D. stopping briefly to save time
Answer:
B. moving forward with determination
(iv) Har Datt says, “We need to devise a strategy.” What can be inferred about Har Datt’s character from his statement?
A. He is doubtful of their abilities and wants to give up.
B. He is eager to rush into the palace without preparation.
C. He is cautious and thoughtful, preferring to plan ahead.
D. He relies on others to make decisions for the group.
Answer:
C. He is cautious and thoughtful, preferring to plan ahead.
2. King: (To the four men)
You have demonstrated remarkable intelligence and the ability to see beyond the obvious. Such minds are rare and highly valued in my court. I extend to you the honour of becoming my advisers. Your counsel shall guide my decisions, and your wisdom shall be a beacon for my kingdom. What do you say to my offer?
Ram Datt: (Stepping forward) Your Highness, it is an honour we had not dared to dream of.
(i) Select the option that is true for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
(A): The merchant left the court feeling humbled and ashamed.
(R): The King commanded that the four wise men join his court.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(ii) Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct option.
The line, ‘See beyond the obvious’ means that the men had the ability to ________
A. challenge common beliefs with reasoning
B. interpret information in traditional ways
C. notice details that others might overlook
D. predict what is going to happen in the future
Answer:
C. notice details that others might overlook
(iii) Complete the following sentence with a suitable reason.
Ram Datt described the King’s offer as ‘an honour we had not dared to dream of because ________
Answer:
He had never expected to receive such an honour from the King.
(iv) How does the King’s offer to the four men reflect his values as a ruler?
Answer:
The King’s offer reflects his appreciation for keen observation, intelligence, and a sense of justice.
II. Answer the following questions.
Question 1: What does the dusty road leading to Ujjain tell us about the challenges of the young men’s journey?
Answer: The dusty road to Ujjain shows how long, tiring, and challenging the young men’s journey has been.
Question 2: Why did the merchant become suspicious of the four men? What does this tell us about him?
Answer: The merchant became suspicious because the men described his camel so accurately without seeing it. This shows that he had difficulty judging people correctly.
Question 3: How do the four young men’s observations about the camel serve as a turning point in the play?
Answer: The young men’s observations about the camel demonstrate their intelligence and serve as the key moment that earns them the King’s trust.
Question 4: Why did the King believe the four young men and not the merchant?
Answer: The King trusted the four men because their reasoning was logical, clear, and truthful.
Question 5: How does the capability of the four young men make them suitable to become advisors?
Answer: The young men’s sharp observation, honesty, and sound reasoning make them suitable to be the King’s advisers.
Question 6: Why does the merchant feel ashamed for accusing the four young men of stealing his camel? Explain in your own words.
Answer: The merchant feels ashamed because he wrongly accused the wise and innocent men of theft.
Let us learn (Pages 39-42)
Complete the sentences by Ailing in the noun form of the textual words given in the brackets.
1. Some word games need a lot of thought and ________ (deduce)
2. We need to make close ________ of animals in order to understand their behaviour, (observe)
3. A detailed ________ of the documents shows a lot of errors, (scrutinise)
4. You should not make any false ________ against anyone, (accuse)
5. She was given an award in ________ of her contribution to literature, (recognise)
Answer:
1. deduction
2. observation
3. scrutiny
4. accusation
5. recognition
II. Match the expressions in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2.
Answer:
with all our hearts → (vi) complete sincerity
to be precise → (iv) exact and accurate
gain an audience with → (v) meeting or hearing someone
catch his breath → (vii) to pause or rest for some time
erupts in applause → (ii) starts cheering together
grand scheme of things → (viii) overall plan of life in a larger context
taken aback → (i) surprised
more than meets the eye → (iii) hidden information that is not obvious
Now, make sentences using any five of the expressions from Column 1.
Answer:
1. With all our hearts – We with all our hearts thanked the teacher for her guidance and support.
2. To be precise – The meeting will start at 10:15 a.m., to be precise.
3. Gain an audience with – The young scientist was eager to gain an audience with the Prime Minister to present her research.
4. Catch his breath – After running up the hill, he stopped for a moment to catch his breath.
5. Erupts in applause – As the performer took the stage, the audience erupted in applause.
Answer:
Face: 1. (iii) 2. (i) 3. (iv) 4. (ii)
Bear: 1. (iv) 2. (iii) 3. (ii) 4. (i)
IV. Match the highlighted words in the sentences in Column 1 with the functions they express in Column 2.
Answer–
I will gladly pay your fee if you can cure it. → (viii) prediction
You must have stolen it and sold it off. → (vii) necessity
You shall come with me to face the King! → (x) command
How could you possibly know that? → (iv) challenge
I am confident he would recognise our talents and appoint us to his service. → (v) logical conclusion
A camel with a long tail would have fended off these pests with ease. → (ii) imagined (hypothetical) possibility
They may tell us more than meets the eye. → (xi) possibility
May your wisdom shine upon Ujyain and guide us to prosperity. → (vi) wish or hope
Indeed, we ought to be united in this hope. → (iii) moral obligation or advice
We need to devise a strategy. → (ix) willingness
You speak of my camel as if it stood before you, yet you dare to claim not to have seen it! → (i) expression of disbelief
V. Complete the following story with modal verbs in the box given below by using the clues from the functions given within brackets.
An old man, known for his wisdom, lived in a small village. One day, a young boy asked him, “How 1. _______ (ability) I become wise like you?” The old man smiled and said, “Wisdom 2._______ (necessity) be earned through patience. You 3. _______ (suggestion) listen, more than you speak.” The boy thought for a while and replied, “It 4. _______ (weak possibility) take years, but I’ll try.” The old man nodded. “You 5._______ (obligation) learn from your mistakes too. Wisdom 6. _______ (possibility)
come slowly, but it always arrives for those who seek it.” The boy knew he 7. ___ (ability) become wise if he followed the old man’s advice.
Answer:
1. can 2. must 3. should 4. might 5. need to 6. may 7. could
VI. Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate modal verbs.
You may take clues from the highlighted words. One example has been done for you.
1. It is advisable for you to think before you speak.
You should think before you speak.
2. It is unnecessary to worry about things beyond your control.
3. It is not possible for a person to gain experience without taking risks.
4. It is essential to treat others with kindness, even when they disagree with you.
5. It is not allowed to interrupt when someone else is speaking.
Answer:
2. You need not worry about things beyond your control.
3. You cannot gain experience without taking risks.
4. You must treat others with kindness.
5. You must not interrupt someone else.
Let us listen (Page 42)
I. You will listen to four people sharing their thoughts on why they enjoy witty characters in stories. As you listen, match statements 1–6 given below to the speakers (i)–(iv). There are two statements you do not need. (Transcript for teacher on page 48)
Speaker (i): I love witty characters because they make serious situations funny! Even when things seem tense, they always have a clever response. Such characters never panic, think fast, and solve problems in the smartest way. I wish I could think that quickly!
Speaker (ii): Witty characters are the best because they make stories exciting. I especially like how they turn ordinary moments into something memorable. It makes me feel like intelligence and humour are just as powerful as strength.
Speaker (iii): I enjoy witty characters because they always have an answer for everything! They use humour instead of fighting, and that’s really wonderful. Even in folktales, they prove that smart thinking can win over force. It makes me laugh but also teaches me to stay calm in tricky situations.
Speaker (iv): Witty characters add charm to a story. Their intelligence keeps the reader engaged, and their humour makes learning fun. Whether it’s a folktale or a modern one, a clever character always stands out. I often feel that wit and wisdom go hand-in-hand!
Answer:
1. (ii)
2. (iv)
3. (iv)
4. (iii)
5. (ii)
6. (i)
Let us speak (Page 43)
I. The way in which a word is stressed in a sentence can change its meaning.
Read the following examples.
Now, work in pairs. Take turns to say the following sentences aloud by stressing on the highlighted words. Share the meanings of the sentences with each other and teacher.
1. I take my dog for a walk in the evening.
Answer:
Stresses that you yourself, and not anyone else, should take the dog for a walk.
2. I take my dog for a walk in the evening.
Answer:
Highlights the act of taking the dog for a walk, rather than feeding or playing with it.
3. I take my dog for a walk in the evening.
Answer:
Stresses that the dog belongs to you, not to anyone else.
4. I take my dog for a walk in the evening.
Answer:
Highlights that the activity is a walk, not a run or a drive.
5. I take my dog for a walk in the evening.
Answer:
Stresses the specific time of the walk, not whether it is in the morning or afternoon.
Let Us Write (Page 44)
I. You have observed that the kutcha road leading to your colony is in a very bad condition due to heavy rains. The potholes f are dangerous for people and can lead to accidents. They also serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes as there is stagnant water all around.
Write a letter of complaint to the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation or the Sarpanch, Gram Panchayat to look into the matter and take necessary action.
Follow the format of a formal letter and draft the letter with the help of cues given below.
Answer:
[Your Address]
[City, State, ZIP Code]
[Date: September 24, 2025]
[Recipient’s Address]
Municipal Corporation
[Office Address]
[City, State, ZIP Code]
Subject: Request to Address the Issue of Kutcha Road Leading to Your Colony
Body of the Letter:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to bring to your attention the issue of the kutcha road leading to our colony. The potholes are dangerous for people and can lead to accidents. They also serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes as there is stagnant water all around.
The problems that we face are causing inconvenience as a result. Consequently, this situation poses a health hazard to the residents.
Firstly, I would like to suggest that the road be repaired. Secondly, I request you to look into this matter and take necessary action.
I look forward to your prompt response.
Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]
Let us explore (Pages 44-45)
Read the steps to enact a play, from : [NCERT Textbook Pages 44-45.]
I. Staging a play requires creativity, organisation, and teamwork.
Steps involved in staging a play:
1. Choose a play that suits your requirement of theme, duration, number of actors, and available resources.
2. Choose a director, a stage manager, a light and sound incharge, a props manager, a costume designer, and a makeup artist.
3. Hold auditions and decide the roles.
4. Read the script and plan stage movements, and positions for each scene.
5. Make a schedule for rehearsal.
6. Work on the set design (backdrop) and make or collect the required props.
7. Design or gather appropriate costumes.
8. Plan makeup and hairstyles to suit the play’s time period.
9. Check light and sound arrangements.
10. Hold a dress rehearsal including sound and light effects.
11. Promote the event through posters and pamphlets.
12. Organise the backstage with labelled props, costumes, and actors’ entrances or exits.
13. Present the play to the audience.
Now, present the enactment of the play ‘Wisdom Paves the Way’ with the help of the steps you have just read. Ensure you use the correct intonation and sentence stress.
Answer: Do it yourself.
II. Stories related to wit and wisdom have always fascinated the readers. Go to the library and read the stories associated with the following.
Vikramaditya and Betal Tenali Rama
Gopal the Jester Panchatantra Tales
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Let us do these activities before we read. (Page 49)
I. Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Question 1.
What do you think about the Republic Day Parade on 26 January?
Answer:
India became a Republic on 26 January 1950. To honor this historic occasion, Republic Day is celebrated every year with great pride. A grand parade is organized at Rajpath in New Delhi, where the President of India hoists the National Flag.
Question 2.
What are the highlights of this parade?
Answer:
The Republic Day parade includes the presence of a foreign chief guest, a ceremonial march past by the armed forces, and colorful tableaux displayed by different states showcasing their culture and achievements.
Question 3.
What bravery awards are given on this day, and who receives them?
Answer:
On this day, gallantry awards such as the Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra are conferred. These honors are awarded to the brave personnel of the armed forces for their acts of courage and valor.
II. Work in groups of four and discuss.
Question 1.
What qualities do you think a soldier should have?
Answer:
A soldier should possess courage, discipline, loyalty, and the ability to adapt to any situation in order to serve the nation effectively.
Question 2.
If you had to share a message with’ a soldier, what would it be?
Answer:
I would like to convey to a soldier that the entire nation deeply values and respects their dedication and sacrifice. Their bravery is supported by the gratitude and prayers of all the people of the country.
Let us discuss (Page 59)
I. Arrange the following events in chronological order. The first and the last events have been marked for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. (1)
2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India.
3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar.
4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
5. Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam.
6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942.
7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him.
8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. (8)
Answer:
1 → 4 → 6 → 3 → 5 → 7 → 2 → 8
Let us think and reflect (Pages 59-61)
I. Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow.
1. Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma’s voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour. Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery. He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.
(i) What can be inferred about the conditions from the line: The air was thick with gunfire…’
A. The gunshots had stopped for a while.
B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
C. The invaders were retreating from the fight.
D. The Indian soldiers had achieved victory.
Answer:
B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
(ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.
Despite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because __________.
Answer:
He was strongly devoted to his duty and aimed to motivate his soldiers to fight with bravery and determination.
(iii) Select the correct option for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below:
(A): Major Somnath Sharma moved fearlessly through the battlefield, even though he was injured.
(R): He believed his courage was important to motivate the soldiers.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is . not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Fill in the blank with the correct word from those given in the brackets: Major Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite __________ (injuries/worry)
Answer:
injuries
2. Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction, and young Somnath was deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather.
(i) What can be inferred about Somnath Sharma’s early influences on his career?
A. He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military.
B. His inspiration came solely from the tales of the Mahabharata.
C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
D. He decided to join the military out of necessity rather than passion.
Answer:
C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
(ii) Identify whether the following statement is true or false:
Somnath Sharma belonged to a wealthy family.
Answer:
False.
(iii) What does the phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma? (He performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour, and excellence./He was highly respected for his contributions to the country.)
Answer:
The phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma that he performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour, and excellence.
(iv) Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the extract that has a similar meaning.
My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but visually charming house surrounded by trees.
Answer:
picturesque
My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but picturesque house surrounded by trees.
II. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
‘Major Somnath’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive…’ What is the significance of the repetition in this line?
Answer:
The repetition of the phrase ‘forever alive’ highlights the eternal impact of Major Somnath’s bravery and patriotism. It signifies that his sacrifice will always be remembered as a source of inspiration for generations to come.
Question 2.
Why do you think Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam?
Answer:
Major Somnath’s leadership was vital during the Battle of Badgam as he stayed composed in the face of adversity, motivated his men to fight courageously against heavy odds, and made crucial decisions like calling for air support. His courage boosted the morale of his troops and helped secure time for reinforcements to protect Srinagar.
Question 3.
What were Major Somnath’s last words? What do they reflect about his sense of duty?
Answer:
Major Somnath’s last words were: “The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round.” These words reflect his unwavering dedication to his mission, his fearless spirit, and his readiness to sacrifice his life for the nation’s defence.
Question 4.
What might have been the outcome of the Battle of Badgam if Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground?
Answer:
If Major Somnath and his company had not resisted, the infiltrators could have taken control of the Srinagar airport and its nearby areas. This might have resulted in the loss of Kashmir to Pakistan in 1947, drastically altering the course of Indian history.
Question 5.
Why do you think Major Somnath’s story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians today?
Answer:
Major Somnath’s story inspires both soldiers and civilians because it reflects immense courage, patriotism, and selfless sacrifice. His decision to lead from the front and stand firm against overwhelming challenges serves as a timeless example of dedication and integrity.
Question 6.
How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma—courage, duty, and self-sacrifice—be applied in our daily lives?
Answer:
These values encourage us to confront challenges with bravery, take responsibility for our actions, and prioritize the needs of others. By helping those in distress, standing up for truth and justice, and staying committed to our goals, we can live by his ideals and honour his legacy.
Let us learn (Pages 62-66)
I. Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2.
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Fight to the last man | (i) A sports team scores a last minute goal, giving them the lead and shaking the opponent’s confidence. |
| 2. Foil the plan | (ii) The soldiers fought valiantly until each one laid down his life for the nation. |
| 3. Deliver a blow | (iii) Soldiers stay in their position and fight back, even though the enemy is stronger. |
| 4. Hold their ground | (iv) A spy disrupts the enemy’s efforts to invade a country by intercepting their communications. |
Answer:
Here is the matching between Column 1 and Column 2:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. Fight to the last man | (ii) The soldiers fought valiantly until each one laid down his life for the nation. |
| 2. Foil the plan | (iv) A spy disrupts the enemy’s efforts to invade a country by intercepting communications. |
| 3. Deliver a blow | (i) A sports team scores a last minute goal, giving them the lead and shaking the opponent’s confidence. |
| 4. Hold their ground | (iii) Soldiers stay in their position and fight back, even though the enemy is stronger. |
Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1.
A. The detective managed to ______________ by fiding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.
B. The company’s new advertising campaign was meant to ______________ to their competitors’ sales.
C. The hikers chose to ______________ despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.
D. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and ______________, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.
Answer:
A. foil the plan
B. deliver a blow
C. hold their ground
D. fight to the last man
II. Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text.
A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was air-lifted into Srinagar…
There are many such collective nouns used in the context of armed forces.Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary.
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. regiment | (i) a large body of troops ready for battle, especially an infantry unit |
| 2. squadron | (ii) a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel/colonel and divided into several companies |
| 3. fleet | (iii) a small unit, typically comprising 12-24 aircrafts and their crews used in air force, naval, or army aviation services. |
| 4. battalion | (iv) a group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership |
Answer:
Here is the matching between Column 1 and Column 2:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| 1. regiment | (ii) a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel/colonel and divided into several companies |
| 2. squadron | (iii) a small unit, typically comprising 12-24 aircraft and their crews, used in air force, naval, or army aviation services |
| 3. fleet | (iv) a group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership |
| 4. battalion | (i) a large body of troops ready for battle, especially an infantry unit |
Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table.
A. The commanding officer addressed the entire __________ of soldiers during the morning assembly.
B. The admiral ordered the entire __________ to set sail for battle.
C. The __________ of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.
D. A __________ of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.
Answer:
A. regiment
B. fleet
C. battalion
D. squadron
III. Read the following words from the text and fill in the blanks with the correct words by taking clues from the meanings given below in the box.–
OVERWHELM, OVERTHROW, OVERRUN
Meanings
1. To take and seize control: __________
2. To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: __________
3. To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: __________
Answer:
1. overthrow
2. overrun
3. overwhelm
Now, create a list of at least five other verbs that begin with ‘over’ and frame sentences of your own.
Answer:
Here is a list of five verbs beginning with “over” along with example sentences:
IV. In the following pairs of words, ‘c’ is used for nouns, while ‘s’ is used for verbs.
Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets.
1. The teacher’s (i) ____________ is always helpful, and she continues to (ii) ____________ students on their career choices. (advice/advise)
2. The musician believes that daily (i) ____________ helps a lot, so she is always ready to (ii) ____________ her harmonium lessons. (practice/practise)
3. The scientist uses a strange (i) ____________ for experiments and plans to (ii) ____________ new methods for his analysis. (device/devise)
4. The village (i) ____________ met to discuss issues and decided to (ii) ____________ the villagers on important matters. (council/counsel)
Answer:
1. (i) advice (ii) advise
2. (i) practice (ii) practise
3. (i) device (ii) devise
4. (i) council (ii) counsel
Here is the distinction between the pairs:
Read the highlighted word in the following sentence from the text.
Most importantly, his story is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless men and women in defence of the motherland.
In terms of meaning, there is no difference between the two words (defence, defense). In American English the word is spelt with an ‘s’, whereas in British English it is spelt with a ‘c’, which is the preferred spelling. The word has several different meanings, but it is mostly used to mean ‘the act of protecting someone or something against attack or criticism’.
V. Read the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text.
The highlighted words are either singular verbs or plural verbs.
They are in agreement with the subject of the sentence. This is called Subject-Verb Agreement.
Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets.
1. The bouquet of flowers __________ (is/are) beautiful.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students __________ (was/were) aware of the change in the schedule.
3. Each of the participants __________ (has/have) submitted their projects on time.
4. The data collected by the researchers __________ (shows/show) significant trends.
5. One of the players __________ (was/were) injured during the match.
6. Either the children or their guardian __________ (has/have) to attend the meeting.
7. A pair of shoes __________ (is/are) missing from the rack.
8. Neither of the statements __________ (is/are) true.
9. The members of the jury __________ (has deliver/have delivered) their verdict to the court.
10. Mathematics __________ (is/are) an interesting subject for many students.
Answer:
1. is 2. were 3. has 4. show 5. was
6. has 7. is 8. is 9. have delivered 10. is
VI. Read the following passage and correct the incorrect usage of verbs. One example has been done for you.
A battalion of soldiejs stand at attention as the National flag are raised.
A battalion of soldiers stands at attention as the National flag is raised.
Each soldier salute with pride while the commander and his assistants inspects the parade. The sound of marching feet echo through the air as a group of cadets prepare for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles pass by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
Answer:
Each soldier salutes with pride while the commander and his assistants inspect the parade.
The sound of marching feet echoes through the air as a group of cadets prepares for their drill.
Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles passes by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
Explanation of corrections:
Let us listen (Page 66)
I. You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear.
(Refer to the NCERT Textbook Page 98 for Transcript)
1. The Param Vir Chakra signifies the Wheel of the Ultimate __________.
2. The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the __________
3. The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the __________
4. The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a __________
5. The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and __________
Answer:1. Brave2. Enemy3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then President of India.4. a Vedic rishi5. lotus flowers
Let us speak (Pages 66-67)
I. As the citizens of a nation, we all must fulfil our duty. In groups of 4-5, speak about how you propose to serve your nation.
You can choose from the themes given below:
You may use the sentence prompts given below to organise what you speak about.
Answer:
Student 1: I believe one of the most important ways to serve the nation is by protecting the environment. Our natural resources are limited, so we must take action now to preserve them for future generations.
Student 2: A simple change we can make is to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones, which will have a significant impact since plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and harms wildlife and water bodies.
Student 3: If everyone contributes by minimizing waste, planting trees, and saving water, it will lead to cleaner air, improved health, and a sustainable future for everyone.
Student 4: One of the biggest challenges is the lack of awareness and careless habits, and I suggest we tackle this by conducting awareness campaigns in schools and communities to teach people about eco-friendly habits.
Student 5: We can create a real difference by working together as a team, starting with local initiatives like cleanliness drives, food banks, or tutoring programs for underprivileged children.
Student 1: Serving the nation isn’t only about large deeds; even small acts like showing kindness, listening to someone’s concerns, or helping a neighbor are valuable contributions.
Let us write (Pages 67-68)
I. A letter of enquiry is a formal letter written to seek detailed information about something the writer wants to know. For example, it can be used for joining a course, organising an event, knowing details about a trip, etc. The language used is formal and specific, with relevant queries.
Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region. Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups.
Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region. Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups.
Answer:
Kendriya Vidyalaya GC CRPF Agartala
Manvi Sharma
Cultural Activities Coordinator
17 May 2025
The Incharge
The Albert Ekka War Memorial
VIP Road, Lichubagan
Agartala, Tripura – 799010
Subject: Enquiry about Organising a School Visit to Albert Ekka War Memorial
Dear Sir,
I am writing to enquire about the possibility of arranging a visit to the Albert Ekka War Memorial at VIP Road, Lichubagan, Agartala, Tripura, for students of classes IX and X from Kendriya Vidyalaya GC CRPF Agartala. The purpose of the visit is to help students learn about our nation’s history and honour the sacrifices of our martyrs.
Kindly provide details regarding the procedures and formalities required to organise this visit.
Firstly, please share the available dates for group visits in the coming month. Additionally, I would appreciate information about the duration of the tour and whether guided tours are provided.
I would also like to know if there are any entry fees for school groups and if any discounts are applicable for students. Lastly, please clarify if there are any specific rules or safety protocols we need to follow while bringing a group of students.
An early response would be greatly appreciated to help us plan the visit and seek the necessary approvals. I look forward to your support in making this trip meaningful and educational for our students.
Yours sincerely,
Manvi Sharma
Cultural Activities Coordinator
Kendriya Vidyalaya GC CRPF Agartala
Let us explore (Pages 68-69)
Out of twenty-one PVC awardees, Major Somnath Sharma was the fist recipient of the PVC, and Captain Vikram Batra was the last recipient of the PVC, the highest gallantry award. soldiers at point blank range and himself sustained serious injuries. Despite his injuries, his dauntless determination inspired his men to clear the enemy from a dominating position. Later, he succumbed to his injuries. His fearless determination and leadership encouraged his company men to avenge his death and fially captured Point 4875. Captain Vikram Batra, is popularly remembered as the “Shershah of Kargil”. His iconic success signal was ‘Yeh Dil Mange More’. Captain Vikram Batra, the D Company commander was tasked to capture Point 5140 on 20 June 1999, which he did with exemplary courage. After Point 5140 was captured, 13 JAK RIF was tasked to capture Point 4875.
On 07 July 1999, Captain Batra led the assault from the front and engaged in a physical fiht with the enemy. He killed fie enemy soldiers at point blank range and himself sustained serious injuries. Despite his injuries, his dauntless determination inspired his men to clear the enemy from a dominating position. Later, he succumbed to his injuries. His fearless determination and leadership encouraged his company men to avenge his death and fially captured Point 4875. His inspiring leadership, dedication to duty, and steadfast love for his country continue to be an inspiration for the younger generation. He attended the call of duty with absolute disregard for his personal safety. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra, (Posthumously).
II. Gallantry awards in India are given to military personnel and others for displaying extraordinary courage in the line of duty.
Some of the gallantry awards in India are:
III.
The Indian government has been steadfast in its initiatives to boost the representation of women in the Indian Armed Forces. These women have been serving the nation selflessly and with pride. Find out the key roles of women in the Indian Army. Share the information with your classmates and teacher.
ANSWER-
Women play diverse and crucial roles in the Indian Armed Forces, contributing significantly to the nation’s defense and security with pride and dedication. Here are the key roles of women in the Indian Army and other branches of the armed forces:
The increasing inclusion of women in combat and leadership roles reflects gradual progress toward gender equality in the Indian Armed Forces. Their service spans multiple capacities, showing dedication, skill, and professionalism that inspire future generations.
This overview can be shared with classmates and teachers to highlight the vital contributions and evolving opportunities for women in India’s defense sector.
IV. Birsa Munda: A Saga of Courage and Sacrifie Birsa Munda, a revered tribal freedom fihter, spiritual leader, and folk hero, belonged to the Munda tribe. Celebrated as a valiant warrior and a charismatic fiure, he emerged as a powerful symbol of tribal resistance against British colonial rule. Among the people of Jharkhand, he is affctionately known as Dharti Aaba—Father of the Land—and is honoured as a divine fiure for his selflss dedication to his people.
A commemorative stamp designed by Shri Sankha Samanta captures his powerful presence. It features Birsa Munda addressing his followers, with a determined expression that reflcts his unwavering vision of tribal unity, empowerment, and self-governance. This stamp serves as a lasting tribute to his pivotal role in India’s freedom struggle and his relentless commitment to protecting tribal rights.
V. Make a list of the patriotic songs in any language, including songs from your region. Share the songs with your classmates and teacher.
Answer:Do it yourself.
Popular Hindi Patriotic Songs
Regional Songs (Examples)
English Patriotic Songs (for global awareness)
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