SCIENCE (CURIOSITY) CLASS 8 SOLUTION

Chapter 3 – Health: The Ultimate Treasure (Class 8 Science | NEP 2025 Pattern)

🧭 Chapter Overview

If wealth is lost, something is lost — but if health is lost, everything is lost.
Health is the true treasure that allows us to live, learn, and enjoy life to the fullest.

This chapter, “Health: The Ultimate Treasure,” helps us understand that being healthy doesn’t just mean “not being sick” — it means being physically strong, mentally happy, and socially balanced.

By the end, you’ll learn how to maintain good health, prevent diseases, and live a balanced, sustainable lifestyle — in sync with the NEP 2025 vision of holistic well-being.


🎯 Learning Objectives (NEP 2025 Competency Table)

CompetencyLearning OutcomeNEP Skill
Conceptual UnderstandingExplain physical, mental & social healthHolistic Thinking
Analytical SkillsDifferentiate between communicable & non-communicable diseasesReasoning
ApplicationApply hygiene, nutrition & exercise in daily lifePractical Competence
Ethical AwarenessUnderstand importance of community healthSocial Responsibility
Creative LearningDesign personal fitness & diet planSelf-Reflection & Innovation

🧩 3.1 What Is Health?

The word health comes from the old English term hale, meaning “whole.”
So, health means a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being — not just the absence of disease.

According to World Health Organization (WHO):

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”


🌿 Three Dimensions of Health

Type of HealthDescriptionExample
Physical HealthProper body growth, fitness, strengthExercise, nutrition, hygiene
Mental HealthEmotional balance, peace of mindPositive thinking, mindfulness
Social HealthGood relationships, teamworkFriendship, empathy, cooperation

💡 True health is harmony between body, mind, and society.


🍎 3.2 How to Stay Physically Healthy

🥗 Balanced Diet

Food is fuel for our body.
A balanced diet provides all essential nutrients — carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water — in the right amounts.

NutrientFunctionExample Foods
CarbohydratesProvide energyRice, wheat, bread
ProteinsBuild & repair tissuesMilk, pulses, eggs
FatsStore energy, protect organsNuts, butter, oil
VitaminsBoost immunity, prevent diseasesFruits, vegetables
MineralsStrengthen bones, teethCalcium, iron, iodine
WaterRegulates temperature, helps digestion6–8 glasses daily

⚠️ Avoid junk food, sugary drinks, and processed snacks — they harm your digestive system and immunity.


💪 Exercise and Rest

Exercise strengthens muscles, improves heart function, and keeps obesity away.
Rest and sleep help the body recover and refresh the mind.

Recommended:

  • Exercise or play outdoor games at least 1 hour daily.
  • Sleep 7–8 hours every night.
  • Practice yoga and deep breathing for mental peace.

🧘 “A fit body and a calm mind are the best medicines.”


🧴 Personal Hygiene

Hygiene is half of health.
Keeping your body and surroundings clean prevents infections and diseases.

Daily Hygiene Habits:

  • Brush teeth twice a day
  • Bathe daily
  • Wash hands before meals and after using toilets
  • Wear clean clothes
  • Keep nails trimmed and hair clean

🧠 Scientific Reason:
Microorganisms like bacteria and viruses grow rapidly in dirty conditions — maintaining hygiene keeps them away.


🌈 3.3 Mental and Emotional Health

A healthy mind leads to a healthy life.
Mental health means staying positive, calm, and emotionally strong — even during challenges.

🌻 Tips for Good Mental Health

  • Talk about your feelings.
  • Take breaks and relax.
  • Avoid negative self-talk.
  • Practice gratitude and meditation.
  • Limit screen time and social media exposure.

🧘 Mindfulness Activity

Sit quietly for 5 minutes, close your eyes, and focus on your breathing.
This reduces anxiety and improves concentration — a key NEP 2025 skill!


🤝 3.4 Social Health

Humans are social beings. Good relationships build happiness and support mental health.

How to Maintain Social Health:

  • Respect others’ opinions
  • Work as a team
  • Help those in need
  • Avoid bullying or discrimination
  • Participate in community work

🌍 Social health = Kindness in action.


⚕️ 3.5 Diseases and Health Problems

When our body or mind does not function properly, we say a disease has occurred.

🧬 Types of Diseases

TypeDescriptionExamples
CommunicableSpread from one person to anotherCold, flu, measles, COVID-19
Non-communicableNot infectious; lifestyle-basedDiabetes, obesity, hypertension
DeficiencyCaused by lack of nutrientsScurvy (Vitamin C), Anaemia (Iron)
InfectiousCaused by germs like bacteria or virusesTuberculosis, cholera

⚠️ 3.5.1 Communicable Diseases

These are caused by pathogens — microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

DiseaseCausative AgentTransmission ModePrevention
TuberculosisBacteriaAir (cough/sneeze)Cover mouth, vaccine
CholeraBacteriaContaminated waterBoil water, hygiene
MalariaProtozoaMosquito biteMosquito nets, repellents
COVID-19VirusDroplets, contactMasks, handwashing, vaccine

💉 3.5.2 Immunity and Vaccination

Immunity is the body’s defense system that fights infections.

Vaccines prepare our immune system by introducing harmless forms of germs so the body “learns” to fight them.

India’s Immunization Success:

  • Polio eradicated through Pulse Polio Programme
  • COVID-19 vaccination drives (COVAXIN & COVISHIELD)

🧠 Vaccination = Prevention before infection.


🥦 3.6 Lifestyle Diseases

Diseases caused by poor habits are called lifestyle diseases.
Examples: obesity, diabetes, hypertension.

Causes:

  • Junk food 🍔
  • Lack of exercise 🛋️
  • Stress 😟
  • Excessive screen time 📱

Prevention:

  • Eat balanced meals
  • Stay active
  • Get proper sleep
  • Manage stress through hobbies and relaxation

🌱 Healthy habits = Lifelong wealth.


💚 3.7 Community Health and Sanitation

Community health ensures everyone has access to clean water, proper sanitation, and medical facilities.

Government Programmes:

  • Swachh Bharat Abhiyan – Clean India Movement
  • Ayushman Bharat – Affordable healthcare
  • Midday Meal Scheme – Nutritional support for school children
  • Fit India Movement – Encouraging active lifestyles

🚮 Environmental Hygiene

A clean environment prevents epidemics and keeps communities healthy.

✅ Dispose of garbage properly
✅ Use toilets, not open fields
✅ Avoid plastic waste
✅ Plant trees for fresh air

“Clean surroundings reflect a clean mind.”


🧠 HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

  1. Why is health called the ultimate treasure?
  2. How is mental health connected to social health?
  3. Why is vaccination considered better than medicine?
  4. How can teenagers balance screen time and mental health?
  5. Suggest steps to make your school a “Fit India” campus.

⚙️ NEP 2025 COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK

DomainNEP SkillPractical Example
ConceptualUnderstand holistic healthExplain physical, mental & social well-being
AnalyticalIdentify diseases & causesCreate comparison table
PracticalApply hygiene & fitnessMorning yoga, handwashing drill
CreativeDesign awareness posters“Health for All” campaign
EthicalPromote empathy & cooperationPeer support activities

💡 Memory Booster Box

🔹 Health = complete well-being (physical + mental + social)
🔹 Balanced diet = all nutrients in right proportion
🔹 Communicable diseases spread by germs
🔹 Vaccination builds immunity
🔹 Lifestyle diseases = due to poor habits
🔹 Cleanliness = half of health


⚠️ Exam Alert Box

📍 Define: Health, Immunity, Lifestyle diseases
📍 Differentiate: Communicable vs Non-communicable diseases
📍 Short Answer: Importance of balanced diet
📍 Value Question: Why is mental health important?
📍 Diagram: Food pyramid / Healthy plate


📘 Quick Recap

✅ Health = harmony of body, mind, and society
✅ Balanced diet + exercise + rest = strong immunity
✅ Hygiene & vaccines prevent diseases
✅ Mental health = emotional balance
✅ Fit India = Healthy India 🇮🇳


Internal Links (A2ZLY):

External Links:

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