Your PDF starts by explaining why Python is so popular today.
Phones, laptops, smart TVs, watches generate huge amounts of data.
It has powerful libraries for:
Python is used for:
Python is a powerful, simple-to-learn programming language used everywhere—from websites to AI machines.
Your PDF lists several important features:
Example (from PDF):
age = 33
if age < 100:
print("Wow! I am alive!")
Simple, readable, clean.
You can download free from python.org
You can modify and redistribute Python freely.
You don’t need to worry about:
Python handles it automatically.
Contains modules for:
Runs on:
The PDF explains this clearly:
Source code → Bytecode (Compiler)
Bytecode → Machine code (Interpreter/PVM)
Compiler → catches syntax errors
Interpreter → stops program when runtime error occurs
Example in PDF (Page 242):
The block after if must be properly indented.
No need to declare type of variables.
x = 10
x = "Hello"
Python automatically frees unused memory.
Can integrate with:
Download: www.python.org/downloads
Install → Click Install Now
Then open from Start menu.
Your PDF explains Python’s working beautifully:
You write source code → program.py
Python compiler converts source code → bytecode (.pyc)
Python Interpreter (PVM) executes bytecode line-by-line.
IDLE = Integrated Development and Learning Environment.
Contains:
Two modes:
Example:
>>> (1 + 7) * 2
16
The PDF gives a table of arithmetic examples.
Examples:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
2+2 | Simple addition |
43 - 7*9 | Mixed arithmetic |
(23+2*5)/5 | Division |
15/2 | 7.5 (float result) |
17//3 | Floor division |
5%2 | Remainder |
5**2 | Exponentiation (power) |
Strings = Characters inside quotes.
Examples:
"Delhi"
"12345"
'Python is cool.'
PDF example:
'Python isn't good' ❌ ERROR
"Python isn't good" ✔ Correct
Index starts from 0.
P S E U D O C O D E
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Negative index starts from end:
E = -1
D = -2
O = -3
Accessing elements:
str[0] = P
str[-1] = E
To create a program:
.pyErrors appear in the Shell.
Two types:
# This is a comment
'''
comment lines
'''
OR
"""
comment lines
"""
Variable = Memory container for values.
Example:
name = "Arjun"
age = 16
price = 78.5
Valid:DOB, date_of_birth, ctr1
Invalid:12name, my-name, a@b
Inside quotes: "123", "Hello"
Whole numbers
Memory: 4 bytes
Very large integers (Only in old Python 2.x)
Example:149L
With decimals: 3.14, 5.78
Scientific notation:x = 7.8e3
True / False
Internally stored as 1 / 0.
Operands = values
Operators = + – * / // % **
-5 converts positive to negative.
Python converts automatically
a = 2 * 3.5 # becomes float
Using functions:
int("3")
float(5)
str(62)
input() → always returns stringprint() → shows output
Example:
n = input("What is your name?")
print("Welcome", n)
5 + 7 = 12
"5" + "7" = "57"
if number % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
if marks >= 33:
print("Pass")
else:
print("Fail")
Runs until condition becomes false.
i = 1
while i <= 10:
print(i)
i += 1
Used for iterating through a list or range.
for i in range(1, 11):
print(i)
Stops the loop.
Skips to next iteration.
Very detailed in PDF.
cities = []
nums = [10, 20, 30]
mixed = [23, 'apple', 53.4]
mylist[0] → first item
mylist[-1] → last item
mylist[2:6]
mylist[-5:-2]
mylist[4] = "BIKE"
mylist.append("A")
mylist.extend([1,2,3])
mylist.insert(1, "New")
mylist.remove("apple")
mylist.pop() # last item
mylist.sort()
mylist.reverse()
mylist.count("apple")
new = mylist.copy()
traincar = [['Raj',1], ['vacant',2]]
traincar[0][0] # Raj
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